A

Technical Seminar Report

On
BIOMETRIC VOTING MACHINE

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mr. R. DURGA GOPAL, B.Tech., M.Tech.,(Ph.D)

Associate Professor

Submitted By

NAGABANDI VIVEK (22J25A0416)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

JOGINPALLY B.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Accredited by NAAC, Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad

& ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)

2024-2025
JOGINPALLY B.R. ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

CERTIFICATE

This is certified that this report entitled “Biometric Voting Machine” is

the report of technical seminar submitted by
NAGABANDI VIVEK (22J25A0416), during 2024-2025 in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electronics & Communication Engineering of Jawaharlal Nehru Technology
University Hyderabad, Telangana, Hyderabad, India. This is to justify that
this project is done by them under the guidance of me

Internal Guide Head of the Department

Mr. R. DURGA GOPAL Mr. Dr. B. Abdul Raheem

B.Tech., M.Tech.,(Ph.D) B.E., M.Tech.,(Ph.D.)

Associate professor Associate Professor

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to take this opportunity to place it on record that this technical
seminar would never have taken shape but for the cooperation extended
to me by certain individuals. Though it is not possible to name all of them,
it would be unpardonable on my part if I do not mention some of very
important persons.

I express my gratitude to M r . Dr. B. Venkata Ramana Reddy Principal of

Joginpally BR Engineering College for valuable suggestions and advice. I also
extend my thanks to other faculty members for their cooperation during my
Technical Seminar.

I express my gratitude to Mr. B. Abdul Raheem, HOD OF ELECTRONICS

and COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING f o r valuable
suggestions and advice.

Sincerely, I acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude to my technical seminar

guide Mr. R. DURGA GOPAL, Assistant Professor for his constant
encouragement, help and valuable suggestions.

NAGABANDI VIVEK (22J25A0416)

ABSTRACT

➢ India is a Democratic country with a huge population where voting plays an

important role. Every citizen has the right to choose their leaders. This is done by
using electronic voting machines (EVMs) at polling booths.
➢ But even there may be some malfunctions during elections. Under these
circumstances holding elections is a complex task for the Election Commission
because there is rigging taking place. Electronic voting systems have come into
the picture to prevent rigging up to the maximum extent. For this, we are using
the R307 Fingerprint Module which scans the fingerprint and gives input to
Arduino Uno.
➢ Our developed algorithm stores the particular fingerprint in the storage drive and
makes sure that the fingerprint is unique from the previously stored data. Thus,
when the same person comes to poll his vote during the elections, he needs to
give his fingerprint before polling his vote if his fingerprint is already present in
stored data.
➢ If both the data are matched. The person can be eligible to pole his vote else the
buzzer will give us the alert sound. The advanced technology will improve the
“Biometric Voting System” through the fingerprint enrolment process making the
authentication easy and enhancing security.
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Biometric Voting Machine 1

1.2 Existing system 1

1.3 Proposed System 2

1.4 Key stages 2

CHAPTER-2 COMPONENTS OF BIOMETRIC VOTING

MACHINE 2

2.1 Voter Identification Module 2

2.2 ESP8266 3

2.3 Arudino UNO 3

2.4 LCD 4

2.5 Buzzer 4

CHAPTER-3 WORKING

3.1 System design & flow 4,5

3.2 Flow Diagram 6

3.3 Verification of voters 7

3.4 Which biometric data should be captured 7,8

CHAPTER-4 ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND

APPLICATIONS 8
4.1 Advantages 8

4.2 Disadvantages 8

CHAPTER-5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 9

6.1 Conclusion 9

6.2 Future Enhancement 9

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure no Name of the Figure Pg. No
Figure 2.1 Voter identification module 2

Figure 2.2 ESP8266 2

Figure 2.3 Arduino UNO 3

Figure 2.4 LCD 3

Figure 2.5 Buzzer 4

Figure 3.1 Block Diagram 5

Figure 3.2 Flow Diagram 6

Figure 3.3 Verification flow block 7

Figure 3.4 Services 8

Introduction:-
In today's tech world, we really need a solid way to make sure who's who, and that's where
biometrics comes in. Whether you're getting a National ID or doing online shopping, it's crucial
to have a rock-solid way to say, "Hey, this is me!" Voting is super important too, but the problem
is making sure one person votes only once. Right now, we use electronic voting machines with
ink marks on our fingers to show someone voted. But with tech speeding up, there's a worry
that these ink marks can be erased, leading to some not-sohonest stuff.
So, it is all about creating a special Fingerprint-based Voting System. By developing a
Fingerprint-based Voting System, we're aiming to tackle the challenges of ensuring fairness in
elections.
With this technology, we're saying goodbye to the old ink marks and embracing a more secure
way of confirming someone's vote.
In a world where technology evolves quickly, it is a step forward to guarantee a trustworthy
and foolproof voting process for everyone. Integrating advanced interdisciplinary approaches,
such as biometric fusion, IoT security enhancements, and user-centric design, elevates the
system's reliability, security, and user experience, ensuring a more transparent and trustworthy
electoral process.

Existing System :-

The author of conducted a study where they engineered a biometric voting machine employing
a combination of a fingerprint scanner and Arduino technology. Remarkably, the system
demonstrated a commendable 95% accuracy in both fingerprint identification and matching
against stored data. This innovation not only showcased cost-effectiveness but also introduced
the convenience of remote monitoring capabilities.
Proposed System: The new system makes use of a biometric feature (fingerprint) to
authenticate users of the system. Fingerprint recognition hardware is integrated with the
system so has to solve the problem of the existing system.

Key stages for introducing biometric technologies:-

➢ Needs assessment

➢ Feasibility studies

➢ Pilot projects, mock registration exercises

➢ Recruitment and training of voter registration staff

➢ Securing funding

➢ . Distribution of equipment, installation, testing

3.4.1 Module 1: Voter identification module:

The Fingerprint Sensor Module is a comprehensive system comprising an optical fingerprint sensor, a
high-speed DSP processor, an efficient fingerprint alignment algorithm, high-performance FLASH chips,
and other essential hardware and software components.
The ESP8266 stands out as a Wi-Fi-enabled System on-chip (SoC) module, primarily harnessed
for the development of Internet of Things (IoT) embedded applications. Boasting a 32-bit RISC
CPU, it incorporates a 64 KB boot ROM, 64 KB instruction RAM, and 96 KB data RAM.

The Arduino Uno serves as the central hub for data collection, aggregating information from the
ESP32 Camera, Ultrasonic Sensor, and optionally, the GPS Module. It processes this sensor data
by combining distance readings with animal detection information and integrating location data
if available.

Notify the Users The LCD Display in the Fingerprint-Based Electronic Voting System serves as a
crucial interface, providing real-time feedback and information to both voters and election
officials. Typically integrated into the Electronic Voting Machine (EVM), the LCD Display offers a
user-friendly platform for voters to interact with the system. During the voting process, it
displays relevant instructions, and candidate information, and confirms the successful
submission of a vote.
The Buzzer in the Fingerprint-Based Electronic Voting System plays a pivotal role in providing
audible feedback to both voters and election officials, enhancing the overall user experience and
system functionality. Integrated into the Electronic Voting Machine (EVM), the buzzer serves as
an important indicator during various stages of the voting process.

System Design And Flow:-

• The main aim in designing this product is to provide the concept of the
personal identity for each individual. This is extended to a special case of
electronic voting machine concept. The summary of the design can be
briefly explained diagrammatically as follows.
•

• As a pre-poll procedure the finger prints of all the voters are collected and
stored in a database initially at time of distributing voting cards. At the time
of voting, the option of the voter is taken along with the finger print.
• The finger print taken by the scanner is sent to the DSP chip through an in-
built A/D converter. The processed image is transferred to hard disk with
biasing of SDRAM.
• The option entered by the voter is transferred to chip through DEMUX and
is stored in the memory. If the transferred image is matched with any of the
records in the data base, then the interrupt is given by the HARD DISK to
DSP chip.
• Then the option is considered in the count. After the acquisition of the
count this is transmitted to the HOST computer or central server using
telephone lines. As the count of each party is transmitted to the HOST.
• From all the VOTING MACHINES present in the constituency, the HOST will
add parallel count of particular party and makes the final count of each
party in ascending order. The final count is transferred to the main HOST
(head quarters) using either telephone lines or radio waves.
Flow diagram :-

➢ The architecture of a Fingerprint-Based Biometric Electronic Voting System utilizing IoT

presents a sophisticated integration of biometric authentication and Internet of Things
(IoT) technologies. At its core, the system relies on a centralized database for securely
storing the fingerprint data of eligible voters.

➢ The architecture incorporates biometric scanners equipped with IoT connectivity

deployed at polling stations, enabling real-time communication within the network.

➢ The biometric authentication module facilitates the verification process, ensuring the
legitimacy of voters through fingerprint matching with the centralized database.
Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) intricately linked to the central system provide a
secure platform for casting votes.

➢ The IoT infrastructure plays a pivotal role in ensuring encrypted and efficient data
transmission between devices, safeguarding the integrity and confidentiality of
biometric information.
Block Diagram For Verification Of Voters:-

• Here the identity of a person is checked whether he\she belongs to the particular
constituency or not. The machine which takes the finger print of the person checks it
with the data base already stored in it.
• If the finger print matches it will give access to the person to cast his vote and if it
doesn't match any of the finger prints stored in the data base then it will reject the voter.

• Thus his method will enable the members of that particular constituency only to vote.
This can be taken as the first step to avoid rigging.
• To have a faster performance the searching technique is implemented on the basis of
GOOGLE SEARCH. The process in the form of a flow chart is as given below.
Which biometric data should be captured?

Fingerprints :-

Automatic fingerprint identification systems can be based on scanning a single fingerprint for
each registrant. This is the fastest and simplest procedure. However, only capturing one
fingerprint increases the possibility of fraud, as the same person may register multiple times by
using different fingers. Capturing more than one fingerprint for each voter reduces the potential
for fraud, and increases the amount and quality of available fingerprint data. In this way, false
match rates can be greatly reduced. In recent years, 10-fingerprint scanners have become more
common. They scanall 10 fingers in three step (four fingers on the left hand, four fingers on the
righthand and both thumbs)

Facial images:-

Many digital voter registration kits capture a photo of the voter. This photo can be printed on
voter ID cards or voter lists, and processed into a biometric template for facial-recognition
systems.
Utilizing facial recognition in addition to fingerprint recognition can further increase a
system’s accuracy. However, this requires high-quality photographs taken in good lighting
conditions and images with a neutral facial expression. Getting such high-quality pictures,
especially in a field environment, is very difficult. Facial-recognition systems should therefore
only be used in addition to fingerprint recognition systems.

Signatures:-

While electronic signature pads are able to capture signatures, this is not very common in voter
registration. A person’s signature may intentionally or unintentionally vary significantly, which
makes reliable electronic matching difficult. Images of voter signatures can still be useful to
print on voter ID cards, for example for visual comparison against the signature on the voter
list.
Iris scans:-

Iris-recognition systems are a relatively new development and have rarely been used in
elections; Somalia is the only country currently using such a system for election purposes, in
Somaliland. Iris recognition has several advantages over fingerprint recognition: the eye and
the iris are better protected physically than fingerprints, and an iris scan can be taken from a
distance without contact withany equipment, making dirt and physical wear less of an issue. On
the downside, recognition rates depend on lighting conditions, and the cost of iris-scanning
technology is still comparatively high.
Advantages :-

1. Transparency

2. Participation

3. Scalable

4. Fair

5. Secure

Disadvantages:-

1.Privacy Concerns

2.Security Risks

3.Technical Failures

4.Public Trust

5.Complexity
Conclusion and Future Enhancements :-

The Electronic Voting System using IoT is a significant leap forward in the technical landscape

of electronic voting. The integration of fingerprint biometrics in the IoT framework establishes

a robust approach to user authentication, ensuring heightened accuracy and security.

Technically, the implementation of advanced cryptographic protocols, secure communication

channels, and blockchain technology forms a resilient foundation safeguarding the integrity of

the electoral process.

In summary, the Fingerprint-Based Biometric Smart Electronic Voting System using

IoT, with its current technical sophistication, serves as a robust platform with the potential for

ongoing enhancements. The integration of advanced interdisciplinary approaches has

transformed the Fingerprint Based Biometric Smart Electronic Voting System using IoT into a

cornerstone of modern democracy.