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TRANSFORMATION_expression

The document provides rules for transforming sentences between affirmative and negative forms, assertive and interrogative forms, and exclamatory and assertive forms. It includes examples for each transformation type, illustrating how to change the structure while maintaining the original meaning. Additionally, it highlights specific keywords and phrases that facilitate these transformations.

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fayyadrashid2009
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11 views

TRANSFORMATION_expression

The document provides rules for transforming sentences between affirmative and negative forms, assertive and interrogative forms, and exclamatory and assertive forms. It includes examples for each transformation type, illustrating how to change the structure while maintaining the original meaning. Additionally, it highlights specific keywords and phrases that facilitate these transformations.

Uploaded by

fayyadrashid2009
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformation

Between Sentences (as per Meaning)

Affirmative to Negative & vice-versa


AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
1. Always/Ever .... Never + Antonym ....
Example- Example –
He always remembers you. He never forgets you.

2. (Only + Sub./Obj.) / (Sub. + None/Nothing but + Subject ....


alone) ...
Example – Example –
a. Only graduates can apply. a. None but graduates can apply.
Or, Graduates alone can apply.
b. She likes only coffee. b. She likes nothing but coffee.

3. Every/All ..... There is/was no .... but ....


Or, ‘None/Nobody + Antonym
Example – Example –
a. Every mother loves her child. a. There is no mother but loves her
child./ No mother hates her
child.
b. All loved him. b. Nobody hated him.

4. Must/Have to Can not but + V. (Present) ..


Or, Can not help + Gerund
Example- Example –
a. You must obey the law. a. You can not but obey the law.
b. He has to go there. b. He can not help going there.

5. Hardly had ..... when / Scarcely No sooner had ..... than ...
had ..... when .../ As soon as
Example – Example –
a. Hardly/Scarcely had the thief No sooner had the thief seen the
seen the police when he ran police than he ran away.
away. Or,
As soon as the thief saw the
police, he ran away.
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

6. Hardly/seldom/rarely/sometimes.. Not always / Often ....


Example – Example –
a. She hardly comes here. a. She does not always come here.
b. A barking dog seldom bites. b. A barking dog does not often
bite.

7. By + Gerund ... Without + Gerund .... (not)


Example– Example –
By working hard, he succeeded. Without working hard, he could not
succeed

8. Both ... and.... 8. Not only .... but also ...


Example – Example –
Both Karim and Rahim were Not only Karim but also Rahim
present there. was present there.

9. Too ..... to .... So ..... that .....


Example- Example –
He is too weak to walk He is so weak that he cannot walk.

10. Comparative/Superlative – 1 : Positive – 1:


Example- Example
He is taller than any other man. No other man is as tall as he.

11. Positive/Comparative – 3 : Comparative/Positive – 3:


Example – Example –
He is as strong as a lion. A lion is not stronger than he.
Or, He is not less strong than a lion.

12. Plain Sentence (clueless) Not + Antonym .....


Example – Example-
a. Man is mortal a. Man is not immortal.
b. He speaks the truth. b. He does not tell a lie.
c. He is very cowardly. c. He is not brave at all.
Assertive to Interrogative & vice-versa
ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE

1. Sentence having Be Verb/ Be V. / Have V. / Aux V. + (n’t) +


Have V./Aux. V. Subject + ..............?
Example – Example –
a. Man is mortal. a. Isn’t man mortal?
b. Man can not live alone. b. Can man live alone?
c. We don’t drink polluted water. c. Do we drink polluted water?

2. Sentence having no Be V./Have V. Do/ Does/ Did + (n’t) + Subj. +


/Aux. V. V. (Pr.).....?
Example – Example –
a. Birds fly in the sky. a. Don’t birds fly in the sky?
b. He always speaks the truth. b. Doesn’t he always speak the
truth?
c. He hurt me. c. Didn’t he hurt me?

3. ........ no .......... .......... any ........?


Example – Example-
a. Nobody knows him here. a. Does anybody know him here?
(Or, Who knows him here?)
b. There is no rose without a thorn b. Is there any rose without a
thorn?
c. Nothing is certain c. Is anything certain?
(Or, What is certain?)

4. Nobody/Nothing........... Who/What.................?
Example – Example –
a. Nobody knows him here. a. Who knows him here?
b. Nothing is certain. b. What is certain?

5. ......... never ........... ................ ever ............?


Example- Example –
I can never forget you. Can I ever forget you?
N.B.: Some words have been boldened to have a special focus. Do not do it in the exam
or during practice.

Exclamatory to Assertive & Vice-versa


EXCLAMATORY ASSERTIVE

a. What a nice day it is! a. It is a very nice day.


(Use of ‘What’: What -> a/an -> Adj.)

b. How fast time flies! b. Time flies very fast.


(Use of ‘How’: How -> No Article ....)

c. What a fool he is! c. He is a great fool.


(Use of ‘great’: What-> a/an -> Noun..)

d. If I had two wings! d. I wish that I had two wings.


Or, Had I two wings!
Or, Would that I had two wings!
Or, O that I had two wings!

e. Hurrah! We have won the match. e. It is a matter of great delight/joy


that we have won the match.

f. Alas! His mother has died. f. It is a matter of grief/great sorrow


that his mother has died.

g. Bravo! You have done a wonderful job. g. It is a matter of great credit that you
have done a wonderful job.

h. Fie! You have lied to me. h. It is a matter of great shame that you
have lied to me.

i. Oh! What a film! i. It is a matter of great charm that it is


a great film./I have seen a great film.

j. Oh! What a mistake! j. It is a matter of great shock/regret/


/disappointment that it is a great
mistake./ that I have done a great
mistake.
KEYS (checker) to Transformation (Expression)
Aff. – Neg.

Always/ever, Only/alone, Every, must, Hardly, sometimes, by, both, too, Comparative (1,
3), Plain

Ass. – Int.

be/have/Aux., No be/have/Aux., no, Nobody/Nothing, never

Ass. – Imp.

Must, should, request, We should, I can

Ass. – Excl.

What (very & great), How, If, Interjections

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