MST Hampshire. This was connected over a telephone line.

He
accomplished that by inputting problems via a teleprinter.
The internet is defined as a global wide area network (WAN)
that connects billions of computers and other electronic Meanwhile in 1945, Vannevar Bush, a US government
devices via servers and routers. With the use of internet, scientist, publishes a paper called As We May Think,
everyone can access information, communicate with anticipating the development of the World Wide Web by half
anyone and do other related stuffs. In fact, at least 190 a century. This was published in the Atlantic Monthly. In this
countries worldwide are linked into exchange of data, news, paper, he proposed Memex – an indexed, archival,
opinions, and entertainment. This information that travels microfilm machine that is used for cross-referencing and
over the internet does so via a variety of languages called retrieval of information. Also, this paper was an extension of
protocols. his research work in analog computing and microfilm
technology.
It is often used interchangeably with the term world wide
web (or simply WWW), however they’re not the same thing. In 1958, Bell Labs developed modern modems which begin
To differentiate the two terms: internet denotes the global selling commercially by AT&T and Bell aiming that it will be
communication system that involves the hardware and for the use on the public telephone system. Bell 101
infrastructure. On the other hand, world wide web (or Modem, the first commercial modem that bridged
simply web) pertains to one of the services that is computers with analog communication over telephone
communicated over the internet. lines! Capable of transmitting data at a blazing 110 bits per
second, the Bell 101 revolutionized how computers
communicated, laying the groundwork for the
interconnected world we now take for granted. Without this
breakthrough, technologies like email, online banking, and
the internet as we know wouldn't exist.

In 1844, Samuel Finley Breese Morse, an American painter

and inventor, transmits the first electric telegraph message,
eventually making it possible for people to send messages
around the world in a matter of minutes. The first telegraph
message was done by transmitting electric signals over a
wire laid between stations, from Washington D.C. to
Baltimore, Maryland. In addition, Morse developed the
code (called Morse Code) that assigns a letter on the
English alphabet by a set of dots and dashes that allowed
the simple transmission of complex messages across
telegraph lines.

Fast forward to 1876, Alexander Graham Bell, a Scottish-

born American inventor, scientist and a teacher of a deaf,
developed the telephone and the refinement of the
phonograph (1886). Before this, he stated working on a
harmonic telegraph in 1871 – an improvement on the first
telegram that allowed simultaneous transmission of
multiple messages over a wire. Trying to make his invention
perfect, Bell was thinking of a way on how to transmit
human voices over the wires until Thomas Watson came up
with a simple receiver that turns electricity into sound in
1875. In 1915, the first transcontinental phone call was
made by Bell. He made that call from New York to San
Francisco.

In 1940, George Robert Stibitz, a U.S. mathematician and

inventor, accessed a computer in New York remotely in New
Types of Internet Connection

As we see, technology is fast pacing. If we look on the

technology trends lately, we can say that what is hardly
done before, can be access today with a simple swipe or
click of a button. Nowadays, there are numerous ways on
how an electronic device can be connected to the internet.
From there, you can instantly connect with people virtually
whenever and wherever you are located. Plus, the options
you may choose also grows as the days go by. One of those
evolving industries worldwide is the internet services. With
that, it can be quite hard to determine the kind of service
that is available to your location, preference and the
availability of the hardware. Enumerated below are some of
the types of internet connections. 1. Dial-up A dial-up
connection requires the user to link a phone line to a
computer before having access to the Internet. This type of ▪ 3G is a term that describes a 3rd generation cellular
internet connection is typically the slowest type among all network obtaining mobile speeds of around 2.0 Mbps
Internet connections, and it should probably avoid availing
▪ 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards.
unless that this service is the last connection available in
The goal of 4G is to achieve peak mobile speeds of 100
your area. Also, with this type of connection, you can’t use
Mbps but the reality is about 21 Mbps currently.
the landline and the Internet at the same time, which is a big
downside. ▪ 5G is the 5th generation mobile network that enables a
new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually
2. Broadband A broadband (short for “broad bandwidth”)
everyone and everything together including machines,
internet service offers better high-speed connections
objects, and devices. This is meant to deliver higher and
compared to a dial-up service. Generally, it can be
faster speeds compared to 4G with more reliability and
categorized as follows.
ultra-low latency.
▪ Digital Subscriber Line A digital subscriber line (or DSL)
LESSON 3.2: WHAT JOBS CAN THE INTERNET DO?
service uses a broadband connection, which makes it
faster than a dial-up connection. DSL connects to the The Internet makes it possible to quickly find information,
Internet via an existing 2-wire copper phone line. communicate with people around the world, manage your
Comparing this type of connection to a dial-up connection, finances, shop from home, listen to music, watch videos,
users can be able to use the Internet and your phone line at and such. Here are some useful things that one can do on
the same time. the internet.

Cable Internet Education

A cable internet service operates via cable TV lines, ▪ It is widely used to gather information and to do research
although you do not necessarily need to have cable TV in or add to the knowledge of various subjects.
order to get it. It uses a broadband connection that greater
bandwidth compared to DSL – meaning faster access than ▪ It makes easier for them to research things, and relearn
a DSL, and on a dial-up service. On the other hand, it is only the content taught in the school. People use it according to
available where cable TV is available. Also, its speed can their needs and interests.
depend on the usage of the access and whether you upload ▪ Popular Search Engine is GOOGLE - topmost choice of
or download any file. people as they offer an easy and instant reach to the vast
Wireless amount of information in just a few seconds.

Unlike DSL and cable services, wireless is a kind of internet Communication

connection that uses radio frequencies to access the ▪ People use the Internet to communicate with one another.
Internet. This is commonly termed as “WiFi” an ▪ Messages, e-mails, e-cards, voice calls, video chat are
abbreviation that has almost become synonymous with various roads that connect people all around the world with
“Internet”. With this type of connection, it is always on and the help of internet.
accessible anywhere if the user is in the network range.
Nowadays, it is one of the fastest options to avail. Entertainment

Fiber Optics ▪ Many people use the Internet to enjoy themselves and to
engage in personal interests.
Fiber optic internet is one of the latest trends in the
broadband world. With this technology, it offers an ▪ Internet has provided Entertainment creators with
incredibly fast internet speed. Given this speed, it is a great another avenue to explore. Financial Transaction
option for a household to use multiple devices all at the
▪ E-commerce stands for a type of business model which
same time without affecting the speed of the internet. In
involves online transactions.
addition to this, fiber optic internet connection is the right
Internet connection for small businesses that can rely for ▪ It can be thought of as a more advanced form of mail order
their day-to-day activities. purchasing through a catalog.

Satellite Online Booking

A satellite connection uses broadband but does not require ▪ Movies, hotel reservations, concerts, exhibitions, railways
cable or phone lines in order to access the internet. In fact, and airlines, tickets of everything is available online.
it connects to the Internet through satellites orbiting the
▪ The biggest advantage of online reservation is its 24/7
Earth. As a result, it can be used almost anywhere in the
accessibility to every customer. Online Shopping and
world, but the connection may be affected by weather
patterns. Satellite connections are also usually slower than Selling
DSL or cable.
▪ The lifestyle is turning towards sedentary habits and so is
Cellular Technology our style of shopping.

On cellular technology, it provides wireless Internet access ▪ Many people choose scrolling a webpage for a product
through mobile phones where speeds vary depending on instead of strolling the shops.
the internet service provider (ISP). Commonly used cellular
connections are 3G and 4G services. ▪ People use the Internet to research, find and buy services
and products. Or to target and sell to the ultimate
consumer.
Job Hunting 3. length - Depending on what the packet carries, one
packet may not be enough. Each packet consists
▪ Newspapers, flyers, recommendations, job boards and
of a length so that the receiver knows if the packet
networking, the traditional methods of searching for a job
came alone or if more is to come.
have been now overruled by online hunt for jobs.
4. payload - A payload refers to the actual data, the
▪ By using the internet, you can apply for job opportunities content of the packet.
across the globe.
A packet can also include other components, but these
Online Jobs are the main ones that are always there. Network
packets are how information (data) is being carried over
▪ Freelance Writer. There is a need for freelance writers in the Internet. But how does the packet travel? The figure
the areas of article writing, content writing, analogy writing, below visualizes the process of how data travels the
and proposing creative ideas that materialize on the pages Internet.
of almost every website on the internet.
How do Computers Connect over the Internet?
▪ Virtual Assistant. The tasks of a virtual assistant can vary
greatly — some tasks may include creating documents Via the Internet, computers connect and communicate
related to the business, answering email inquiries, creating with one another, primarily using the TCP/IP
content, and more. (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).

▪ Web Designer / Developer. Businesses want all their ▪ Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) A TCP dictates
website visitors to experience many things on their site, but what each computer must do to transmit data when to
they must ensure that the visitor will feel that it is worth their share data, how to transmit that data. It also states how
time. This is where a website developer or designer will find to receive data in the same manner.
their place.
▪ Network Interface Card (NIC) The computer must
▪ Social Media Manager. Not every large business has an have a NIC (network interface card) installed to
individual to manage their accounts, which is why more connect to the Internet and other computers on a
freelancers are marketing themselves as social media network. A network cable plugged into the NIC on one
managers in order to help businesses grow and expand end and plugged into a cable modem, DSL modem,
their reach. router, or switch can allow a computer to access the
Internet and connect to other computers.
Email Marketer. This position is for those that oversee
designing a business’s email advertising campaign and ▪ Internet Service Provider (ISP) The ISP provides a
managing a subscriber list in order to build their client’s bridge between your computer and all the other
reach. computers in the world on the Internet.

▪ Animation Jobs. A job in animation not only allows for but LESSON 3.5: THE WORLD WIDE WEB
thrives on creativity and allows the employee to draw from
World Wide Web is combination of all resources and
the inspiration all around them.
users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext
▪ Promotional Video Maker. Those who have backgrounds in Transfer Protocol (HTTP) such as smartphone, laptop,
filmmaking but desire to not be tied down to a location may computers, and etc. that can access the content on the
consider becoming promotional video makers. Today’s internet.
media is using videos for almost everything, and the
Web Technologies
platforms are growing by the day.
The WWW I considered as one of the applications in
LESSON 3.3: HOW DATA TRAVELS THE INTERNET?
internet and computer network. There are different
A data packet (otherwise termed as a network packet) is a fundamental technologies said to be a part of the
collective name of several components. These development of a WWW:
components are needed for you to be able to browse the
1. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) - is the
web, for example. For the user to go to a particular website,
language used to create webpages. "Hypertext" refers
the user will need to send packets to the website's web
to the hyperlinks that an HTML page may contain.
server, and that server will have to send packets back to
"Markup language" refers to the way tags are used to
you. For this to work, a packet needs to hold several
define the page layout and elements within the page.
components:
2. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - The Hypertext
1. IP address First, the packet needs two addresses,
Transfer Protocol is an application protocol for
the source address and the destination address.
distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information
How would it else know where to go and where it
systems that allows users to communicate data on the
came from?
World Wide Web.
2. hop counts - A packet has something called "time
to live." It pertains to the number of hops the packet 3. Web servers and web browsers - A web server is
can do until it dies. Each time the packet goes software and hardware that uses HTTP (Hypertext
through a network node (i.e., a router or a switch, Transfer Protocol) and other protocols to respond to
like a crossing), the number is decreased – avoiding client requests made over the World Wide Web. The
packets with errors hopping around the web for main job of a web server is to display website content
eternity. through storing, processing and delivering webpages to
users. A web browser on the other hand, or simply
"browser," is an application used to access and view number of tabs. Usually you’ll see Web, Image,
websites. Common web browsers include Microsoft News, and More. Using these tabs, you can help
Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and define what kind of search you need to do. If you
Apple Safari. need images, use the Image tab. If you are looking
for a recent news article, use the News tab.
The World Wide Web
2. Use quotes - When searching for something
Today All major websites have adjusted their content
specific, try using quotes to minimize the guesswork for
design and development approach to accommodate
Google search. When you put your search parameters
the rapidly increasing fraction of the population
in quotes, it tells the search engine to search for the
accessing the web from small-screen phones instead
whole phrase. For instance, if you search for Puppy Dog
of large-screen desktop and laptop computers.
Sweaters, the engine will search for content that
Privacy and anonymity on the internet are an contains those three words in any order. However, if you
increasingly important issue on the web as significant search “Puppy Dog Sweaters”, it will search for that
amounts of personal information including a person's phrase exactly as you typed it. This can help locate
search history and browsing patterns are routinely specific information that may be buried under other
captured (often for targeted advertising purposes) content if not sorted out correctly.
along with some geolocation information. Anonymous
3. Use a hyphen to exclude words - Sometimes you may
web proxy services attempt to provide online users with
find yourself searching for a word with an ambiguous
an extra level of privacy by re-routing their browsing
meaning. An example is Mustang. When you Google search
through third-party web servers.
for Mustang
Websites continue to be accessed by their domain
4. Use a colon to search specific sites - There may be an
names and extensions. While "dot-com" domains
instance where you need to Google search for articles or
remain the most popular, numerous others can now be
content on a certain website. The syntax is very simple and
registered including ".info" and ".biz" domains.
we’ll show you below.
Searching for Information on the Web
Sidney Crosby site: nhl.com
A website is being maintained by its owner, also known
5.Find a page that links to another page - This Google
as a web administrator. The admin can modify the
search tip is a little obscure. Instead of searching for a
website’s content as well as add new information or
specific page, you’re searching for a page that links to a
function to it. Meanwhile, people or users like us use
specific page.
the internet as search engines and subject directories
in locating information on the web. link: nytimes.com

Search Directories are sites being maintained by 6. Use the asterisk wildcard - The asterisk wildcard is one
human editors and not by bots. On the other hand, of the most useful ones on the list. Here’s how it works.
search engines uses small programs called spiders or When you use an asterisk in a search term on Google
bots (like Googlebots, Yahoo Slurp and MSNbot) that search, it will leave a placeholder that may be automatically
polish the internet, follow links, and return information filled by the search engine later. This is a brilliant way to find
to the search engine’s indicator. song lyrics if you don’t know all the words. Let’s look at the
syntax: “Come * right now * me” To you or me, that may look
Here are several techniques that can be used to
like nonsense. However, Google search will search for that
improve a web search:
phrase knowing that the asterisks can be any word. More
1. Using specific words and placing the most important often than not, you’ll find they are lyrics to The Beatles song
terms first in the search text or phrase. “Come Together” and that’s what the search will tell you.

2. The use of quotation marks (“”) to create exact 7. Find sites that are similar to other sites - This is a
phases – this helps the search engine to find what it unique one that could be used by practically everyone if
looks like for by using the exact sequence of words. they knew it existed

3. Listing all possible spellings related: amazon.com

• Example: Organization and Organisation In addition 8. Use Google search to do math - Google search can
to searching for web pages, many search engines allow actually do math for you. This is a rather complex one to
searching for related images, news articles, and describe because it can be used in so many ways. You can
various types of reports in different types. Millions of ask it basic questions or some more difficult ones. It is
people use Google search every day for a variety of important to note that it won’t solve all math problems, but
reasons. Students use it for school, business people it will solve a good number of them. Here are a couple of
use it for research, and millions more use it for examples of the syntax:
entertainment. But most people may not be using
8*5+5
Google search to its full potential. Want to use Google
search more efficiently and get the search results you Planck’s Consant If you search the first one, it’ll return 45. It
want quickly? Here are 20 Google search tips and tricks will also show a calculator that you can use to find answers
to maximize your search efficiency: to more questions

1. Use the tabs - The first tip is to use the tabs in 9. Search for multiple words at once - Google search is
Google search. On the top of every search are a flexible. It knows you may not find what you want by
searching only a single word or phrase. Thus, it lets you apropos to use only the important words when searching
search for multiples. By using this trick, you can search for for something. Let’s see an example: Don’t use: Where can
one word or phrase along with a second word or phrase. I find a Chinese restaurant that delivers.
This can help narrow down your search to help you find
• Instead try: Chinese restaurants nearby
exactly what you’re looking for. Here is the syntax: “Best
ways to prepare for a job interview” OR “How to prepare for 15. Google search has shortcuts - A number of commands
a job interview” By searching that, you will search both can be entered to give you instantaneous results. Like the
phrases. Remember the quotes tip above? It’s being used math example above, Google can immediately give you the
here as well. In this instance, these two exact phrases will information you need that is displayed right at the top of the
be searched. It can be done by word too, like the example search results. This can save time and effort so you don’t
below: chocolate OR white chocolate have to click a bunch of bothersome links. Here are a few
examples of some commands you can enter into Google:
This will search for pages that have either chocolate or
white chocolate! 1. Weather *zip code* – This will show you the weather in
the given zip code. You can also use town and city names
10. Search a range of numbers - Searching for a range of
instead of area codes, but it may not be as accurate if there
numbers is another tip we don’t anticipate a lot of people
are multiple area codes in the city.
using. The people that do use it, though, will probably use it
quite a bit. People interested in money or statistics will find 2. What is *celebrity name* Bacon Number – This is a fun
this tip particularly useful. Essentially, you use two dots and little one that will tell you how many connections any given
a number to let Google search know you’re looking for a celebrity has to famed actor Kevin Bacon. The popular joke,
specific range of numbers. Like the syntax below: What Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon, is that no actor is more than 6
teams have won the Stanley Cup ..2004 41..43 In the first connections away from Kevin Bacon. Mark Zuckerberg has
instance, the search will toss back the team that won the a Bacon Number of 3.
Stanley Cup in 2004. The two dots with only one number will
tell the search that you don’t need anything before or after 3. The math example posted above is another one.
2004. This can help narrow down searches to a specific 4. What is the definition of *word* or Define: *word* – This
number to improve search results. In the second, Google will display the definition of a word.
will search for the numbers 41, 42, and 43. It is obscure, but
wildly useful if you happen to need to search for numbers 5. Time *place* – This will display the time in whatever place
like this. you type in.

11. Keep it simple - Now we’re getting into the general tips. 16. Spelling doesn’t necessarily matter - Google search
Google search knows how to search for a lot of things. What has gotten a lot smarter over the years. These days, you
this means is you don’t need to be too specific. If you need don’t even need to spell words correctly. As long as it’s
a pizza place nearby, use this to search pretty close, Google can usually figure out what it means.
Here are some examples:
12. Gradually add search terms - There will come a time
when Google search doesn’t shovel out the results you • If you search “Nver Gna Gve Yo Up” Google will
expect. In this instance, keeping it simple may not be the automatically assume you mean to search for “Never
best option. As Google itself suggests, the best method is Gonna Give You Up.” If by chance your misspelling was
to start with something simple then gradually get more intentional, Google gives you the option to search for the
complicated. See the example below: misspelled term instead. This trick is great if you happen to
forget how to spell something or are not altogether sure how
• First try: job interviews something is spelled. It can also be helpful when searching
• Second try: prepare for job interviews for obscure words. This applies to capitalization and
grammar as well.
• Third try: how to prepare for a job interview
17. Use descriptive words - Pretty much everything can be
13. Use words that websites would use - This is a very described in multiple ways. Take our namesake, the “life
important one. When people use Google search to hunt the hack.” The terminology “hack” refers to a computer
web, they generally search for things using the same programmer breaking security on a network or system.
language that they would use for speaking. Unfortunately, However, when used in conjunction with the word “life”, it
websites don’t say things the way people do; instead, they alters the meaning to tips and tricks people can use to
try to use language that sounds professional. Let’s look at improve their lives.
some examples:
18. Find a specific file - An often forgotten feature of
• “I have a flat tire” could be replaced by “repair a flat tire.” Google search is the ability to search for a specific file or file
type. This can be infinitely useful if you need a specific PDF
• “My head hurts” could be replaced by “headache relief.”
or PowerPoint file that you previously viewed or need to use
The list goes on and on. When searching, try to use
for another project. The syntax is quite simple:
terminology you would find on a professional website. This
will help you get more reliable results. *Search term here* file type: pdf

19. Money and unit conversions - Google search can

14. Use important words only - The way Google search quickly and accurately convert both measurement units
works is to take what you search for and match it with and currency value. There are a variety of uses for this, like
keywords in online content. When you search for too many checking to see the conversion rate between two
words, it may limit your results. That means it may actually currencies. If you happen to be a math student, you can use
take you longer to find what you’re looking for. Thus, it is
it to convert from feet to meters or from ounces to liters.
Here’s how to do it:

• miles to km – This will convert miles to kilometers. You

can put numbers in front to convert a certain number. Like
“10 miles to km” will show you how many kilometers are in
10 miles.

• USD to British Pound Sterling – This will convert a US dollar

to British pounds. Like the measurements above, you can
add numbers to find exact conversions for a certain amount
of money. It’s true that this tip is geared toward math
students and international business people. However,
you’d be surprised how often these tips are used by regular
people.

20. Track your packages - Our last trick is to use Google

search to find out where your packages are. You can enter
any UPS, USPS, or Fedex tracking number directly into the
Google search bar, and it’ll show you the tracking
information about your package. This is much easier than
going to the specific sites, waiting for them to load, then
searching for your packages there. No examples are really
needed for this one. Just type your tracking number in and
see where your package