TRANSLATION

(Compiled to fulfill the assignment for the Foundation of Translation course)

Compiled By:
1. David Witanto : 2311040143
2. Gerents Pratama : 2311040039

Supporting Lecturer:
Sri Suci Suryawati, M.Pd.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND KEGURUAN
RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
1446 H/2025M
FOREWORD

All praise is due to Allah SWT for His blessings and mercy, allowing us to complete this paper
as part of the assignment for the course Foundation of Translation. May peace and blessings be
upon the Prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, companions, and followers. We also extend our
sincere gratitude to Ms. Sri Suci Suryawati, the course instructor, for his moral and material
support as well as his guidance throughout the writing of this paper.
We acknowledge that this paper may still have shortcomings and is far from perfect. However,
we hope it will provide valuable insights and contribute to the knowledge of its readers, especially
our fellow students at UIN Raden Intan Lampung. We welcome any suggestions and constructive
criticism from readers for future improvement. Therefore, we are open to receiving feedback to
enhance the quality of our papers in the future.
We hope this paper will be beneficial to its readers and make a positive contribution to the
understanding of the Foundation of Translation course. Thank you to our lecturer and institution,
as well as to everyone who has supported us during the preparation of this paper.

Bandar Lampung, 25 February 2025

Group 1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................... i

FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................. ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... iii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1

A. Background .......................................................................................................................... 1

B. Formulation of the problem ................................................................................................. 1

C. Writing purpose ................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................... 3

A. Definitions of Translation .................................................................................................... 3

B. Types of Translation ............................................................................................................ 4

CHAPTER III CLOSING ............................................................................................................... 7

A. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 7

B. Suggestion ............................................................................................................................ 7

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 8

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Translation plays a crucial role in bridging linguistic and cultural gaps, enabling
effective communication across different languages and mediums. As globalization
accelerates, the need for accurate and efficient translation has become more prominent in
various fields, such as literature, business, technology, and international relations.
Translation is not merely about substituting words between languages; it involves complex
processes that require linguistic, cultural, and contextual understanding.
Roman Jakobson, a renowned linguist, categorized translation into three main
types: Intralingual Translation, Interlingual Translation, and Intersemiotic Translation.
Each type serves a different function in conveying meaning. Intralingual translation refers
to the process of rewording or paraphrasing within the same language to simplify,
summarize, or clarify a message. Interlingual translation, considered the most traditional
form of translation, involves converting text from one language into another while
maintaining meaning and cultural nuances. Lastly, intersemiotic translation goes beyond
linguistic boundaries, translating verbal messages into non-verbal forms, such as adapting
a novel into a film or a poem into music.
Understanding these types of translation is essential for both theoretical and
practical applications. This study aims to explore the definitions and classifications of
translation, highlighting their significance in different contexts.
B. Formulation of the problem
1. What is the definition of translation, and how is it categorized?
2. What are the characteristics and functions of Intralingual, Interlingual, and
Intersemiotic Translation?
3. How do these translation types contribute to effective communication in different
fields?
C. Writing purpose
1. Provide a clear and detailed definition of translation and its classifications.
2. Explain the characteristics, processes, and examples of Intralingual, Interlingual,
and Intersemiotic Translation.

1
3. Analyze the importance of each translation type in various contexts, including
literature, media, and global communication.

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CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Definitions of Translation
Translation is always a complex and multifaceted process that begins and ends with
textual objects. These textual objects can range from word-sized fragments of denotational
text, which, in some cases, are mistakenly isolated and misinterpreted as grammatical
forms, to book-length verbal discourses that require extensive analysis and interpretation.
Additionally, translation is not limited to written texts alone; it also applies to other forms
of (en)textual(ized) objects that exist in various media and communication modes, such as
audiovisual materials, digital content, and even visual representations that carry linguistic
significance.
The academic field dedicated to the systematic study of translation is called
Translation Studies. This discipline examines various aspects of translation, including
theoretical foundations, linguistic structures, cultural implications, and practical
methodologies. Scholars in this field explore how languages interact, how meaning is
transferred across linguistic and cultural boundaries, and how translation influences global
communication. Meanwhile, individuals who engage in translation as a profession are
referred to as translators. These professionals possess specialized skills in linguistic
proficiency, cultural awareness, and textual analysis to ensure that meaning is conveyed
accurately and appropriately in different contexts.
Translation itself can be understood both as a process and as a product. As a
process, translation involves the dynamic activity of converting text from a source language
(SL) into a target language (TL) while maintaining the intended meaning, tone, and cultural
relevance. This process requires translators to analyze the source text carefully, consider
linguistic nuances, and apply appropriate translation strategies to achieve an equivalent
meaning in the target language. Moreover, the translation process may involve various
stages, including comprehension, interpretation, adaptation, and revision, to ensure
accuracy and coherence.1

1
Paula G. Rubel and Abraham Rosman, Translating Cultures: Perspectives on Translation and
Anthropology, (New York: Berg, 2003), page 75.

3
On the other hand, translation as a product refers to the tangible outcomes of
translation activities. These products can take many forms, such as translated books,
official documents, literary works, legal texts, medical reports, technical manuals, and
subtitles for films or television programs. The quality of the final translation product
depends on multiple factors, including the translator’s expertise, the complexity of the
source text, and the purpose of the translation. High-quality translations are essential in
fields such as international diplomacy, business communication, academic research, and
media production, where precise and effective language transfer is crucial.
Furthermore, translation is not merely a linguistic transformation but also a cultural
and cognitive process. A translator must consider cultural differences, idiomatic
expressions, historical references, and contextual meanings when rendering a text from one
language to another. This is why translation is often seen as an interpretative act rather than
a purely mechanical or literal conversion of words. Skilled translators employ various
strategies, such as domestication (adapting the text to the target audience) or foreignization
(preserving the source culture’s essence), depending on the purpose of the translation and
the expectations of the readership.2

B. Types of Translation
Translation can be categorized into several types based on the nature of the
transformation and the medium involved. Roman Jakobson, a prominent linguist, classified
translation into three main types: Intralingual Translation, Interlingual Translation, and
Intersemiotic Translation. Each of these types serves different purposes and operates within
different linguistic and semiotic boundaries.
1. Intralingual Translation
Intralingual translation, also known as rewording, paraphrasing, summarizing,
expanding, or commenting, refers to the process of translating within the same language.
This means that a verbal expression in one form is rendered into another form within the
same linguistic system. Intralingual translation is commonly used in various contexts, such
as simplifying complex texts, adapting literary works for different audiences, and
explaining technical or academic concepts in layman’s terms.

2
Ibid, page 76.

4
For example, rewriting Shakespeare’s plays in modern English for contemporary
readers or summarizing a lengthy article into a concise paragraph both fall under
intralingual translation. It is often applied in educational settings, where difficult concepts
need to be rephrased in a way that students can understand more easily.3
Example:
Original sentence: Can you describe Tiara?
Paraphrased version: Can you depict Tiara?
2. Interlingual Translation
Interlingual translation is what is commonly understood as true translation because
it involves the conversion of a text from one language into another. This type of translation
plays a crucial role in cross-cultural communication, allowing people who speak different
languages to understand and share information.
According to Roman Jakobson, interlingual translation is the process of substituting
verbal signs from one linguistic system with equivalent verbal signs from another linguistic
system. This requires not only linguistic proficiency but also cultural awareness, as
translators must ensure that the meaning, tone, and context are accurately conveyed in the
target language.
Interlingual translation is essential in various fields such as literature, international
business, law, healthcare, and diplomacy. Professional translators use different strategies
such as literal translation, dynamic equivalence, and localization to ensure that the message
remains clear and culturally appropriate.4
Examples:
a. Indonesian: Hai
b. English: Hello
c. Japanese: Konichiwa
d. Italian: Ciao
e. Korean: Annyeong

3
Fitria Nur Tiara, Thesis: Translation Technique of English to Indonesia, (Surakarta: UMS,
2016), page 7.
4
Ibid, Page 8

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3. Intersemiotic Translation
Intersemiotic translation, also known as transmutation, involves translating a verbal
text into a non-verbal system of signs or symbols. This means that instead of transferring
meaning between spoken or written languages, the translation occurs across different
modes of communication, such as from linguistic expressions to visual, musical, or
performative representations.
Intersemiotic translation is widely used in media, literature, and the arts. For
example, when a novel is adapted into a film or a poem is transformed into a theatrical
performance, the original textual elements are interpreted and presented through a different
semiotic system, such as images, sound, and movement.
Since different mediums have their own unique ways of conveying meaning,
intersemiotic translation often requires significant creative adaptation. A film based on a
novel, for instance, might include visual storytelling elements that are not present in the
book, while a poem adapted into music might focus on rhythm and melody to evoke
emotions that words alone cannot express.5
Examples:
a. Transforming a novel into a film or drama
b. Adapting a poem into a theater performance or musical composition

5
Ibid, page 9.

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CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
Translation is not merely a linguistic process but also a cultural and cognitive one.
Its applications are vast, ranging from literature and education to business and
entertainment. As the world becomes more interconnected, the importance of translation
continues to grow, emphasizing the need for skilled translators and further academic
exploration in this field.

B. Suggestion
Thus, the preparation of this paper is prepared, as a closing note that the speaker
realizes the many shortcomings and weaknesses in this paper, therefore the speaker hopes
that there will be constructive criticism, suggestions or input for the improvement of this
paper. We apologize if what is presented by the speaker, there are shortcomings and errors
in it.

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REFERENCES

Nur Tiara, F. (2016). Translation technique of English to Indonesia. Surakarta: Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Rubel, P. G., & Rosman, A. (2003). Translating cultures: Perspectives on translation and
anthropology. New York: Berg.