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Frequency Distribution1

The document provides an overview of data presentation and frequency distribution, detailing methods to organize and represent data through textual, tabular, and graphical formats. It outlines objectives for constructing frequency distributions, types of data, and the components of statistical tables. Additionally, it includes definitions of key terms and steps for constructing a frequency distribution using example data.

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jameel khan
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13 views

Frequency Distribution1

The document provides an overview of data presentation and frequency distribution, detailing methods to organize and represent data through textual, tabular, and graphical formats. It outlines objectives for constructing frequency distributions, types of data, and the components of statistical tables. Additionally, it includes definitions of key terms and steps for constructing a frequency distribution using example data.

Uploaded by

jameel khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data and

Frequency
Distribution
EXPECTED TOPICS:

PRESENTATION OF DATA

WAYS TO REPRESENT DATA

TEXTUAL

TABULAR

GRAPHICAL

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
It is an organization of data
into tables, graphs or
charts, so that logical and
statistical conclusions can
be derived from the
collected measurements.
Types of data

Bases of classification
1. Qualitative
2. Quantitative
3. Geographical
4. Chronological / Temporal
Objectives
1. Organize data using frequency distributions.

2. Represent data in F.D, Graphically using

histogram, frequency polygons and ogives.

3. Represent data using bar chart, pie graph and

time series graph.

4. Draw and interpret a stem and leaf plot.


Organizing data
• When data are collected in original form they are
called Raw data.

• When raw data are organized into table which called


frequency distribution, the frequency will be the
number of values in a specific class of the distribution.

• A frequency distribution is the organization of raw


data in a table form, using classes and frequencies.

• Types of frequency distribution are, categorical F.D,


ungroup F.D and Group F.D
Frequency
Distribution
• To organized the data into meaningful, intelligible
way to enable the reader to make comparisons
among different data sets.

• To facilitate computational procedures for


measures of average.

• To enable the researcher to draw charts and


graph for the presentation of data.
Construction of Statistical Table
A statistical table has at least four major parts and some other minor
parts.
(1) The Title
(2) The Box Head (column captions)
(3) The Stub (row captions)
(4) The Body
(5) Prefatory Notes
(6) Foots Notes
(7) Source Notes
-----THE TITLE----
----Prefatory Notes----
----Box Head----
----Row
------Column Captions-----
Captions----

---Stub Entries--- -----The Body-----

Foot Notes…
Source Notes…
Parts of a Statistical Table
 Table Heading – shows the table number
and the title.

 Table number - serves to give the table


an identity.

 Table title – briefly explains what are


being presented.
 Body – it is the main part of the table
which contains the quantitative
information.
 Stub – classification or categories found
at the left side of the body of the table.
 Box Head – the captions that appear
above the column. It identifies what are
contained in the column.
Footnotes
Source of Data
Example of Tabular Method
Table 1
Enrolment Profile
College of Accountancy
University College
2011 – 2012
(First Semester)
Subjects Number of Students Percentage (%)
Accounting 3 121 10.77
Finance 1 136 12.11
English 3 99 8.82
Math 3 130 11.58
Computer 3 143 12.73
Management 1 126 11.22
Economics 1 122 10.86
Theology 3 123 10.95
Physical Education 3 123 10.95
Total (N) 1,123 100%

Percentage = (Number of Students/ N) x 100


FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

It is the tabular arrangement of


the gathered data by categories plus
their corresponding frequencies and
class marks or midpoints.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Range (R) – the difference between the


highest score and the lowest score.
2. Class Interval (k) – a grouping or category
defined
by a lower limit and an upper limit.
3. Class Boundaries (CB) – these are also
known as the
exact limits, and can be obtained by
subtracting 0.5
from the lower limit of an interval and adding
0.5 to
the upper limit interval.
4.Class Mark (x) – is the middle value or the
midpoint of a class interval. It is obtained by
getting the average of the lower class limit
and the upper class limit.
5. Class Size (i) – is the difference between the
upper
class boundary and the lower class boundary
of aRelative Frequency (RF) – these are the
6.
class interval
percentage
distribution in every class interval.
7. Class Frequency – it refers to the number
of
observations belonging to a class interval,
or the
number of items within a category.
EXAMPLE :
Statistics Test Scores of 50 students. Construct a
frequency distribution
51 65 68 87 76
56 69 75 89 80
61 66 73 86 79
70 71 54 87 78
68 74 66 88 77
67 73 64 90 77
72 52 67 86 79
74 59 70 89 85
55 63 74 82 84
57 68 72 81 83
Steps in Constructing a Frequency
Distribution
1. Find the range R, using the formula:
R = Highest Score – Lowest Score k

2. Compute for the number of class intervals, n,


by using the formula:

k = 1+3.3 log n
Note: The ideal number of class
intervals should be 5 to 15. Less
than 8 intervals are recommended
for a data with less than 50
observations/values. For a data with
50 to 100 observations/values, the
suggested number should be greater
than 8.
Please note also that the few number of class
intervals will result to crowded data while too
many number of class intervals tend to spread
out the data too much.
3. Compute for the class size, I, using the
formula:
i = R/k
Solution:

1. R = Highest Score – Lowest


Score
R = 90 – 51
R = 39
k = 8 (desired interval)

3. i = R/k
i = 39/8
i = 4.875
i=5
The Frequency Distribution of the Statistics Score of
50 Students
Class Interval f x Class Boundary
LL - UL Lower Upper
51 - 55 4 53 50.5 55.5
56 - 60 3 58 55.5 60.5
61 - 65 4 63 60.5 65.5
66 - 70 10 68 65.5 70.5
71 - 75 9 73 70.5 75.5
76 - 80 7 78 75.5 80.5
81 - 85 5 83 80.5 85.5
86 - 90 8 88 85.5 90.5
50
Statistics Test Scores of 50 students. Construct a
frequency distribution
51 65 68 87 76
56 69 75 89 80
61 66 73 86 79
70 71 54 87 78
68 74 66 88 77
67 73 64 90 77
72 52 67 86 79
74 59 70 89 85
55 63 74 82 84
57 68 72 81 83
The
End!!!

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