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Introduction of DBMS (Database Management System)
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DBMS Tutorial – Learn Database Management System

Last Updated : 22 Apr, 2025
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Database Management System (DBMS) is a software used to manage data from a database.

  • A database is a structured collection of data that is stored in an electronic device. The data can be text, video, image or any other format.
  • A relational database stores data in the form of tables and a NoSQL database in the form of key-value pairs.
  • SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard language for accessing and manipulating data in a relational database.
  • A DBMS is a software that allows to create, update and retrieval of data in an organized way. It also provides security to the database.
  • Examples of relational DBMS are MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Postgre SQL and Snowflake.
  • Examples of NoSQL DBMS are MongoDB, Cassandra, DynamoDB and Redis.
DBMS


In this Database Management System tutorial, you’ll learn basic to advanced topics like the ER model, Relational Model, Relation Algebra, Normalization, File Organization, etc.

Introduction

  1. Need For DBMS
  2. DBMS Introduction
  3. DBMS Architecture (1, 2 and 3 Tier)

Entity Relationship Model

  1. ER Model
  2. Enhanced ER Model
  3. Minimization of ER Diagram
  4. Generalization, Specialization and Aggregation
  5. Recursive Relationships

Relational Model and Functional Dependencies

  1. Relational Model
  2. Keys (Candidate, Super, Primary, Alternate and Foreign)
  3. Functional Dependency and Attribute Closure
  4. Finding Attribute Closure and Candidate Keys using Functional Dependencies
  5. Armstrong’s Axioms in Functional Dependency
  6. Equivalence of Functional Dependencies
  7. Canonical Cover
  8. Anomalies in Relational Model
  9. Mapping from ER Model to Relational Model
  10. Strategies for Schema design
  11. Schema Integration

>> Quiz on ER and Relational Model

Normalization

  1. Introduction
  2. Normal Forms
  3. Minimum relations satisfying 1NF
  4. The Problem of redundancy in Database
  5. Dependency Preserving Decomposition
  6. Lossless Join Decomposition
  7. Lossless Join and Dependency Preserving Decomposition
  8. How to find the Highest Normal Form of a Relation
  9. Introduction of 4th and 5th Normal form
  10. Domain Key normal form
  11. Denormalization in Databases
  12. DBMS | Data Replication

>> Quiz on Normal Forms

Relational Algebra and Calculus

  1. Introduction
  2. Basic Operators
  3. Extended Operators
  4. Inner Join vs Outer Join
  5. Join operation Vs nested query
  6. Tuple Relational Calculus
  7. Row oriented vs. column oriented data stores

Transactions and Concurrency Control

  1. Introduction
  2. ACID Properties
  3. Concurrency Control -Introduction
  4. Types of Schedules
  5. Conflict Serializability
  6. View Serializability
  7. How to test if two schedules are View Equal or not ?
  8. Recoverability of Schedules
  9. Precedence Graph for testing Conflict Serializability
  10. Transaction Isolation Levels in DBMS
  11. Implementation of Locking in DBMS
  12. Lock Based Protocol
  13. Graph Based Protocol
  14. Two Phase Locking (2-PL)
  15. Multiple Granularity Locking
  16. Thomas Write Rule
  17. Polygraph to check View Serializability
  18. Log based recovery
  19. Timestamp Ordering Protocols
  20. TimeStamp and Deadlock Prevention Schemes
  21. Dirty read in SQL
  22. Database Recovery Techniques
  23. Starvation in DBMS
  24. Deadlock in DBMS
  25. DBMS | OLAP vs OLTP
  26. Types of OLAP Systems
  27. Types of Recoverability of Schedules and easiest way to test schedule | Set 2

>> Quiz on Transactions and concurrency control

Indexing, B and B+ trees

  1. Indexing and its Types
  2. B-Tree | Set 1 (Introduction)
  3. B-Tree | Set 2 (Insert)
  4. B-Tree | Set 3 (Delete)
  5. B+ Tree (Introduction)
  6. Bitmap Indexing
  7. Inverted Index
  8. Difference between Inverted Index and Forward Index
  9. SQL queries on clustered and non-clustered Indexes

>> Practice questions on B and B+ Trees
>> Quizzes on Indexing, B and B+ Trees

File Organization

  1. File Organization – Set 1
  2. File Organization – Set 2 (Hashing in DBMS)
  3. File Organization – Set 3
  4. File Organization – Set 4

>> Quiz on File structures

Advanced Topics

  1. Multimedia Database
  2. RAID
  3. Query Optimization
  4. How to store a password in database?
  5. Storage Area Networks
  6. Network attached storage
  7. ODBMS – Definition and overview
  8. Difference between RDBMS and HBase
  9. Challenges of database security
  10. Federated database management system issues
  11. Distributed Database System
  12. Functions of Distributed Database System
  13. Semantic Heterogeneity
  14. Advantages of Distributed database
  15. Comparison – Centralized, Decentralized and Distributed Systems
  16. Characteristics of Biological Data (Genome Data Management)
  17. Data Management issues in Mobile database
  18. Future Works in Geographic Information System
  19. Difference between Structured, Semi-structured and Unstructured data
  20. Web Information Retrieval | Vector Space Model

Data Warehouse and Data Mining

  1. Star Schema in Data Warehouse modeling
  2. Data Warehouse Modeling | Snowflake Schema
  3. Dimensional Data Modeling
  4. Data Warehousing
  5. Data Warehouse Architecture
  6. Characteristics and Functions of Data warehouse
  7. Difficulties of Implementing Data Warehouses
  8. Data Mining
  9. Data Mining | KDD process
  10. Data Mining | Sources of Data that can be mined
  11. Data Marts
  12. Architecture of HBase
  13. Apache HBase
  14. Architecture and Working of Hive
  15. Apache Hive
  16. Difference between Hive and HBase

Interview Questions

  1. DBMS interview questions | Set 1
  2. DBMS interview questions | Set 2
  3. SQL Interview Questions
  4. SQL Query Interview Questions
  5. PostgreSQL Interview Questions
  6. PL/SQL Intevriew Questions

SQL Tutorial

  1. SQL | Tutorial
  2. Quiz on SQL

Misc Topics

  1. DBMS Interfaces
  2. Categories of DBMS Users
  3. Data Abstraction and Data Independence
  4. Database Objects
  5. Impedance Mismatch

DBMS practices questions

  1. Database Management Systems | Set 1
  2. Database Management Systems | Set 2
  3. Database Management Systems | Set 3
  4. Database Management Systems | Set 4
  5. Database Management Systems | Set 5
  6. Database Management Systems | Set 6
  7. Database Management Systems | Set 7
  8. Database Management Systems | Set 8
  9. Database Management Systems | Set 9
  10. Database Management Systems | Set 10
  11. Database Management Systems | Set 11

Advantages of DBMS

There are some following reasons to learn DBMS:

  • Organizing and management of data: DBMS helps in managing large amounts of data in an organized manner. It provides features like create, edit, delete, and read.
  • Data Security: DBMS provides Security to the data from the unauthorized person.
  • Improved decision-making: From stored data in the database we can generate graphs, reports, and many visualizations which helps in decision-making.
  • Consistency: In a traditional database model all things are manual or inconsistent, but DBMS enables to automation of the operations by queries.

Disadvantages of DBMS

  • Complexity: DBMS can be hard to design, implement, and manage, needing specialized knowledge.
  • Cost: High setup costs, including hardware, software, and skilled personnel, can be expensive. Ongoing maintenance adds to the cost.
  • Performance Overhead: DBMS might slow down simple tasks due to their extra features and general-purpose nature.
  • Security Risks: Centralizing data can create security risks. If the system is hacked, all data could be compromised.
  • Resource Intensive: DBMS need a lot of memory, storage, and processing power, which can be costly.
  • Data Integrity Issues: Complex systems can lead to data integrity problems if not managed well.

Conclusion

Understanding Database Management Systems (DBMS) is essential for managing and organizing data effectively. This DBMS tutorial has introduced you to key concepts like database models, SQL queries, normalization, and data security. With this knowledge, you can design efficient databases, maintain data integrity, and improve performance.

Quick Links:

  1. Last Minutes Notes(LMNs) on DBMS
  2. Quizzes on DBMS
  3. Practice Problems on DBMS

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Introduction of DBMS (Database Management System)
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      B + Tree is a variation of the B-tree data structure. In a B + tree, data pointers are stored only at the leaf nodes of the tree. In this tree, structure of a leaf node differs from the structure of internal nodes. The leaf nodes have an entry for every value of the search field, along with a data p
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    • Bitmap Indexing in DBMS
      Bitmap Indexing is a data indexing technique used in database management systems (DBMS) to improve the performance of read-only queries that involve large datasets. It involves creating a bitmap index, which is a data structure that represents the presence or absence of data values in a table or col
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    • Inverted Index
      An Inverted Index is a data structure used in information retrieval systems to efficiently retrieve documents or web pages containing a specific term or set of terms. In an inverted index, the index is organized by terms (words), and each term points to a list of documents or web pages that contain
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    • Difference between Inverted Index and Forward Index
      Inverted Index It is a data structure that stores mapping from words to documents or set of documents i.e. directs you from word to document.Steps to build Inverted index are:Fetch the document and gather all the words.Check for each word, if it is present then add reference of document to index els
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    File organization

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      A database consists of a huge amount of data. The data is grouped within a table in RDBMS, and each table has related records. A user can see that the data is stored in the form of tables, but in actuality, this huge amount of data is stored in physical memory in the form of files. What is a File?A
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    • File Organization in DBMS | Set 2
      Pre-Requisite: Hashing Data Structure In a database management system, When we want to retrieve a particular data, It becomes very inefficient to search all the index values and reach the desired data. In this situation, Hashing technique comes into the picture. Hashing is an efficient technique to
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    • File Organization in DBMS | Set 3
      B+ Tree, as the name suggests, uses a tree-like structure to store records in a File. It uses the concept of Key indexing where the primary key is used to sort the records. For each primary key, an index value is generated and mapped with the record. An index of a record is the address of the record
      4 min read
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