Best Approach

Sequence & Series

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
KEY CONCEPTS (SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION)
DEFINITION :
A sequence is a set of terms in a definite order with a rule for obtaining the terms.
e.g. 1 , 1/2 , 1/3 , ....... , 1/n , ........ is a sequence.
AN ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (AP) :
AP is a sequence whose terms increase or decrease by a fixed number. This fixed number is called the
common difference. If a is the first term & d the common difference, then AP can be written as
a, a + d, a + 2 d, ....... a + (n – 1)d, ........
nth term of this AP tn = a + (n – 1)d, where d = an – an-1.
n n
The sum of the first n terms of the AP is given by ; Sn = [2 a + (n – 1)d] = [a + l].
2 2
where l is the last term.
NOTES :
(i) If each term of an A.P. is increased, decreased, multiplied or divided by the same non zero number, then
the resulting sequence is also an AP.
(ii) Three numbers in AP can be taken as a – d , a , a + d ; four numbers in AP can be taken as a – 3d,
a – d, a + d, a + 3d ; five numbers in AP are a – 2d , a – d , a, a + d, a + 2d & six terms in AP are
a – 5d, a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d etc.
(iii) The common difference can be zero, positive or negative.
(iv) The sum of the two terms of an AP equidistant from the beginning & end is constant and equal to the
sum of first & last terms.
(v) Any term of an AP (except the first) is equal to half the sum of terms which are equidistant from it.
(vi) tr = Sr  Sr1
(vii) If a , b , c are in AP  2 b = a + c.

GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (GP) :

GP is a sequence of numbers whose first term is non zero & each of the succeeding terms is equal to the
proceeding terms multiplied by a constant . Thus in a GP the ratio of successive terms is constant. This
constant factor is called the COMMON RATIO of the series & is obtained by dividing any term by
that which immediately proceeds it. Therefore a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4, ...... is a GP with a as the first term &
r as common ratio.
(i) nth term = a rn –1

(ii) Sum of the Ist n terms i.e. Sn =


a r n 1  , if r  1 .
r 1
(iii) Sum of an infinite GP when r < 1 when n  rn  0 if r < 1 therefore,
a
S = ( | r | 1) .
1r
(iv) If each term of a GP be multiplied or divided by the same non-zero quantity, the resulting sequence is
also a GP.
(v) Any 3 consecutive terms of a GP can be taken as a/r, a, ar ; any 4 consecutive terms of a GP can be
taken as a/r3, a/r, ar, ar3 & so on.
(vi) If a, b, c are in GP  b2 = ac.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
HARMONIC PROGRESSION (HP) :
A sequence is said to HP if the reciprocals of its terms are in AP.
If the sequence a1, a2, a3, .... , an is an HP then 1/a1, 1/a2, .... , 1/an is an AP & converse. Here we do
not have the formula for the sum of the n terms of an HP. For HP whose first term is a & second term
ab
is b, the nth term is tn = .
b  (n  1)(a  b)
2 ac a ab
If a, b, c are in HP  b = or = .
ac c bc

MEANS
ARITHMETIC MEAN :
If three terms are in AP then the middle term is called the AM between the other two, so if a, b, c are
in AP, b is AM of a & c .
a 1  a 2  a 3  .....  a n
AM for any n positive number a1, a2, ... , an is ; A = .
n
n - ARITHMETIC MEANS BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS :
If a, b are any two given numbers & a, A1, A2, .... , An, b are in AP then A1, A2, ... An are the n AM’s
between a & b .
ba 2 (b  a ) n (b  a )
A1 = a + , A2 = a + , ...... , An = a +
n1 n1 n1
ba
=a+d, = a + 2 d , ...... , An = a + nd , where d =
n 1
NOTE : Sum of n AM’s inserted between a & b is equal to n times the single AM between a & b
n
i.e.  Ar = nA where A is the single AM between a & b.
r1

GEOMETRIC MEANS :
If a, b, c are in GP, b is the GM between a & c.
b² = ac, therefore b = a c ; a > 0, c > 0.
n-GEOMETRIC MEANS BETWEEN a, b :
If a, b are two given numbers & a, G1, G2, ..... , Gn, b are in GP. Then
G1, G2, G3 , ...., Gn are n GMs between a & b .
G1 = a(b/a)1/n+1, G2 = a(b/a)2/n+1, ...... , Gn = a(b/a)n/n+1
= ar , = ar² , ...... = arn, where r = (b/a)1/n+1
NOTE : The product of n GMs between a & b is equal to the nth power of the single GM between a & b
n
i.e.  Gr = (G)n where G is the single GM between a & b.
r 1

HARMONIC MEAN :
If a, b, c are in HP, b is the HM between a & c, then b = 2ac/[a + c].

THEOREM :
If A, G, H are respectively AM, GM, HM between a & b both being unequal & positive then,
(i) G² = AH
(ii) A > G > H (G > 0). Note that A, G, H constitute a GP.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC SERIES :
A series each term of which is formed by multiplying the corresponding term of an AP & GP is called the
Arithmetico-Geometric Series. e.g. 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 + .....
Here 1, 3, 5, .... are in AP & 1, x, x2, x3 ..... are in GP.
Standart appearance of an Arithmetico-Geometric Series is
Let Sn = a + (a + d) r + (a + 2 d) r² + ..... + [a + (n  1)d] rn1
SIGMA NOTATIONS
THEOREMS :
n n n
(i)  (ar ± br) =  ar ±  br.
r1 r1 r1
n n
(ii)  k ar = k  ar.
r1 r1
n
(iii)  k = nk ; where k is a constant.
r1
RESULTS
n
n (n 1)
(i)  r= 2
(sum of the first n natural nos.)
r1
n
n (n  1) (2n  1)
(ii)  r² = 6
(sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers)
r 1
2
n  n 
n 2 (n  1) 2   r
(iii)  r3 = (sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers)
r 1 4  r  1 

METHOD OF DIFFERENCE :
If T1, T2, T3, ...... , Tn are the terms of a sequence then some times the terms T2  T1, T3  T2 , .......
constitute an AP/GP. nth term of the series is determined & the sum to n terms of the sequence can
easily be obtained.
Remember that to find the sum of n terms of a series each term of which is composed of r factors in
AP, the first factors of several terms being in the same AP, we “write down the nth term, affix the next
factor at the end, divide by the number of factors thus increased and by the common difference and add
a constant. Determine the value of the constant by applying the initial conditions”.

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SOLVED EXAMPLES
Direction :
Write the first five terms of each of the sequence whose nth term is (Q.1 to Q.2)
1. an = 2n
Sol. Given an = 2n.
 a1 = 21 = 2, a2 = 22 = 4, a3 = 23 = 8,
a4 = 24 = 16 and a5 = 25 = 32
Hence, the first five terms of the sequence in reference are 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32

 n2  5 
2. an  n  
 4 

2
 
Sol. Given a n  n  n  5 
 4 

 12  5  6 3  22  5  18 9
 a1  1   , a 2  2  
 4  4 2  4  4 2

 32  5  42 21  42  5 
a3  3   , a 4  4   21 and
 4  4 2  4 

 52  5  150 75
a5  5   ,
 4  4 2

3 9 21 75
Hence the first five terms of the sequence in reference are , , , 21 and
2 2 2 2

3. The Fibonacci sequence is defined by 1 = a1 = a2 and an = an–1 + an–2, n > 2.

a n 1
Find for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
an

Sol. Given a1 = a2 = 1 and an = an–1 + an–2 for n > 2. Substituting n = 3, 4, 5, we get

a3 = a1 + a2 = 1 + 1 = 2, a4 = a3 + a2 = 2 + 1 = 3
a5 = a4 + a3 = 3 + 2 = 5 and a6 = a5 + a4 = 5 + 3 = 8
a n 1 a 2 1 a n 1 a 3 2
Hence, for n = 1,    1; for n = 2,    2;
an a1 1 an a2 1

a n 1 a 4 3 a n 1 a 5 5
for n = 3,   for n = 4,   and
an a3 2 an a4 3

a n 1 a 6 8
for n = 5,   .
an a5 5

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11
4. How many terms of the A.P. – 6,  , 5 ........ are needed to give the sum –25 ?
2

Sol. The given A.P. is –6,  11 , 5.......

2

11 1
Here, first term = –6 and common difference =   (6) 
2 2

n 1 n(n  1) n
Let Sn = –25  2  (6)  (n  1)   25  6n   25  Sn  {2a  (n  1)d}
2 2 4 2

 –24n + n2 – n = –100  n2 – 25n + 100 = 0 (multiplying throughout

by 4)

25  (25)2  4  1100 25  225 25  15

 n    20,5
2 1 2 2
Henve, we need either 5 terms or 20 terms to make the sum –25.

5. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is (pn + qn2), where p and q are constants, find the common difference.
Sol. Given Sn = pn + qn2
Changing n to n – 1
Sn – 1 = p(n – 1) + q(n – 1)2
Substracting (ii) from (i), we obtain
Sn – Sn–1 = pn – p(n – 1) + qn2 – q(n – 1)2
 Tn = pn – pn + p + qn2 – qn2 – q + 2qn
 Tn = p – q + 2q n
Changing n to n – 1, we have
Tn – 1 = p – q + 2q (n – 1)
Subtracting (iv) from (i), we get
Tn – Tn–1 = 2qn – 2q (n – 1) = 2q,
which is constant independent of n.
Hence, the series in reference is an A.P., with common difference = 2q.

6. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is 3n2 + 5n and its mth term is 164, find the value of m.
Sol. Given Sn = 3n2 + 5n .....(i)
Changing n to n – 1
Sn–1 = 3 (n – 1)2 + 5 (n – 1) .....(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
Sn – Sn – 1 = 3n2 – 3(n – 1)2 + 5n – 5 (n – 1) = 3n2 – 3(n2 – 2n + 1) + 5n – 5n + 5 = 6n + 2
i.e. Tn = 6n + 2 .....(iii)
Hence Tm = 6m + 2 = 164 ( Sn = Sn – 1 + Tn) (given)
162
 6m = 164 – 2  m =  27.
6

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7. Between 1 and 31, m numbers have been inserted in such a way that the ratio of 7th and (m – 1)th
numbers is 5 : 9. Find the value of m.
Sol. Let the m numbers between 1 and 31 be A1, A2, A3, ..... Am, then 1, A1, A2, A3, ...... Am, 31 are in A.P.
Here, 31 is (m + 2)th term of this A.P.
 31 = 1 + {(m + 2) – 1} d where d is the common difference

 30 = (m + 1)d  d  30 .....(i)
m 1

7th number 5 A 5 1  7d 5
It is given that   7   
(m  1)th number 9 A m 1 9 31  2d 9

 9 + 63d = 155 – 10d 73d = 146

( Am = Am – 1 + d and 31 = Am + d  31 = Am–1 + d + d)
146
 d 2
73

30
From (i) and (ii), we get 2  2m  2  30  2m  28  m  14.
m 1
8. The difference any two consecutive interior angles of a polygon is 5o. If the smallest angle is 120o, Find
the number of the sides of the polygon.
Sol. Let the number of sides of the polygon be n, then the sum of all exterior angles = 360o and sum of all
interior angles
= 180o n – 360o.
Also, smallest angle = 120o and the angles form the A.P. 120o, 125o, 130o, ..............., 120o + (n – 1) 5o
(There are n interior angles)
Since the sum of all the angles = 180o.n – 360o
 120o + 125o + 130o + ......... upto n terms = 180o (n – 2)
n
 {2 × 120o + (n – 1)5o} = 180o (n – 2)  240n + 5n (n – 1) = 360n – 720
2
 48 + n(n – 1) = 72n – 720  n2 – 25n + 144 = 0 (Dividing throughout
by 5)

25  625  4 1144 25  49 25  7
 n    16,9.
2 1 2 2
If n = 16, then the greatest angle becomes 120o + (16 – 1) 5 = 195o > 180o, which is not possible.
Hence, n = 9. ( An interior angle of a polygon is always < 180o)
9. The 4th term of a G.P. is square of its second term and the first term is –3. Determine its 7th term.
Sol. Here, the first term = –3
Let 'r' be the common ratio.
 T4 = (T2)2
 (–3) r4–1 = (–3 r2–1)2  –3r3 = 9r2  r = 3.
Hence, 7th term = (–3)r7–1 = (–3) (–3)6 = (–3)7 = –37 = – 2187.

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11
10. Evaluate  (2  3k ).
k 1

11
Sol. Now  (2  3k ) = (2 + 31) + (2 + 32) + (2 + 33) + ........ + (2 + 311)
k 1

= (2 + 2 + 2 + ......... upto 11 terms) + (3 + 32 + 33 + ..... + 311)

3(1  311 ) 3(311  1) 3
= 2 × 11 +  22   22  (311  1)
13 3 1 2

3  311 3  3 1 41 312
= 22     22     312  
2 2  2 2 2 2

11. If the 4th, 10th and 16th terms of a G.P. are x, y and z respectively. Prove that x, y, z are in G.P.
Sol. Let the G.P. be a, ar, ar2
4th term = ar3  x = ar3 .....(i)
then 10th term = ar9  x = ar9 .....(ii)
th
16 term = ar 15  z = ar 15 .....(iii)
Multiplying (i) and (iii), we get
xz = a2 r3 r15  xz = a2 r18 = (ar9)2
 xz = y2  x, y, z are in G.P. (using (ii))

12. Show that the products of the corresponding terms of the sequences a, ar, ar2, .....arn–1 and A, AR, AR2,
..... ARn–1 form a G.P. and find the common ratio.
Sol. The two sequences are a, ar, ar2, ........ and A, AR, AR2, ..........
When we multiply the corresponding terms, we get sequence aA, aA rR, aA r2R2, ..........
which is G.P. with common ratio rR.

13. Insert two number between 3 and 81 so that the resulting sequence is G.P.
Sol. Let the numbers be g1 and g2, then 3, g1, g2, 81 are in G.P.
Let r be the common ratio of this G.P.
Now 81 = 4th term of the above G.P.
81 3
 81 = 3r4–1  r  r = (27)1/3 = 3
3
 g1 = 3r = 3 × 3 = 9 and g2 = 3r2 = 3 × 32 = 27. ( g1 is second term of the
G.P.)
14. The number of bacteria in a certain culture doubles every hour. If there were 30 bacteria present in the
culture originally, how many bacteria will be present at the end of 2nd hour, 4th hour and nth hour?
Sol. Number of bacterias at the end of successive hours form the G.P.
30 × 2, 30 × 22 , 30 × 23, ......
 Number of bacteria at the end of
(i) 2nd hour = 30 × 22 = 120
(ii) 4nd hour = 30 × 24 = 480
(iii) nth hour = 30 × 2n.

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15. If A.M. and G.M. of roots of a quadratic equation are 8 and 5 respectively, then obtain the quadratic
equation.

Sol. Let the roots be  and , then  8 and   5   = 16 and  = 25
2
 Required quadratic equation x2 – 16x + 25 = 0.

16. Find : 52 + 62 + 72 + .... + 202

Sol. 52 + 62 + 72 + ....... + 202 = (12 + 22 + 32 + .... + 202) – (12 + 22 + 32 + 42)
20 4
20(20  1)(2  20  1) 4(4  1)(2  4  1)
 n2   n2  
n 1 n 1 6 6

20  21 41 4  5  9
   2870  30  2840.
6 6

17. Find : 12 + (13 + 22) + (12 + 22 + 32) + .................

Sol. Given series is 12 + (12 + 22) + (12 + 22 + 32) + ..........
Let Tn denote the nth term, then
n(n  1)(2n  1)
Tn = 12 + 22 + 32 + upto n terms = n2 =
6

 1
Tn  (2n 3  3n 2  n}
6

1 1   n 2 (n  1) 2   n(n  1)(2n  1)  n(n  1) 

 Sn  (2n 3  3n 2  n)   2    3  
6 6   4   6  2 

1  n 2 (n  1)2 n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1)  n(n  1)

= 6    {n(n  1)  2n  1  1}
 2 2 2  6 2

n(n  1) 2 n(n  1)(n  1)(n  2) n(n  1)(n  2)

 {n  3n  2}  
12 12 12

18. If Tn = n(n + 1) (n + 4) find Sn

Sol. Here, Tn = n(n + 1) (n + 4)
= n(n2 + 5n + 4)
= n3 + 5n2 + 4n
 Sn = n3 + 5n2 + 4n

n 2 (n  1) 2 5n(n  1)(2n  1) 4n(n  1) n(n  1)  n(n  1) 5(2n  1) 

=       4
4 6 2 2  2 3 

n(n  1)  3n 2  3n  20n  10  24  n(n  1)(3n 2  23n  34) n(n  1)(n  2)(3n  17)
=   
2  6  12 12

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19. If Tn = (2n – 1)2 find Sn
Sol. Given Tn = (2n – 1)2 = 4n2 – 4n + 1.
Substituting n = 1, 2, 3, ......, we get
T1 = 4 × 12 – 4 × 1 + 1
T2 = 4 × 22 – 4 × 2 + 1
T3 = 4 × 32 – 4 × 3 + 1

Tn = 4 × n2 – 4 × n + 1
Adding these, we get
Sn = 4n2 – 4n + n
 n(n  1)(2n  1)   n(n  1)   2(n  1)(2n  1) 
= 4   4  n  n  2(n  1)  1
 6   2   3 

 4n 2  6n  2  6n  6  3  n(4n 2  1) n(2n  1)(2n  1)

= n 3

3

3
 

20. Find the sum of all two digit numbers which when divided by 4, yield 1 as temainder.
Sol. Required sum = 13 + 17 + 21 + ...... + 97,
which is an A.P. with common difference 4. Let n be the number of terms in this A.P. then
88
97 = 13 + (n – 1) × 4  4n = 97 – 13 + 4  n =  22
4

22 n
 Required sum = {13  97}  11(110)  1210. (a  )
2 2

21. The first term of a G.P. is 1. The sum of the third term and fifth term is 90. Find the common ratio of G.P.
Sol. Here 'a' = 1 and T3 + T5 = 90
 ar2 + ar4 = 90  r2 + r4 = 90
 (r4 + r2 – 90) = 0  (r2 + 10) (r2 – 9) = 0
 r2 = 9
 r =  3.
Hence the common ratio of the G.P. is either –3 or 3.

22. A person writes a letter to four of his friends. He asks each one of them to copy the letter and mail to four
different persons with instruction that they move the chain similarly. Assuming that the chain is not broken
and that it costs 50 paise to mail one letter, find the amount spent on the postage when 8th set of
letter is mailed.
Sol. Total number of letters posted = 4 + 4 × 4 + 4 × 4 + ........ upto 8 terms = 4 + 42 + 43 + ...... upto 8
terms
4{48  1} 4
=  (65536  1)  4  21845  87380
4 1 3

1
 Total amount spent on the postage = Rs × 87380 = Rs. 43690
2

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
23. A manufacturer reckons that the value of a machine, which costs hm Rs. 15625, will depreciate each
year by 20%.
Find the estimated value at the end of 5 years.
 20  4
Sol. Cost at the end of one year = Rs 15625  1    Rs 15625
 100  5
2
20  20   4
Cost at the end of two year = Rs 15625  1  1    Rs 15625   
 100  100  5
2
4
 Cost at the end of 5 years = Rs 15625   = Rs 5 × 45 = Rs (5 × 1024) = 5120.
5

24. Find the sum of all the even positive integers less than 200 which are not divisible by 6.
Sol. The required sum = (2 + 4) + (8 + 10) + (14 + 16) + ........ + (194 + 196)
= 1 × 6 + 3 × 6 + 5 × 6 + ....... + 65 × 6
= 6(1 + 3 + 5 + .......... + 65)
= 6  32 (1  65)  6  33  33  6534
2

25. Find the sum 12 + 32 + 52 + ........ + (2n – 1)2.

Sol. We can write the sum in the form
Sn = {12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + ..... + (2n – 1)2 + (2n)2} – {22 + 42 + ....... + (2n)2}
2n
2
n
2n(2n  1)(4n  1) 4n(n  1)(2n  1) n(4n 2  1)
k  4 k 2   
k 1 k 1 6 6 3

n
r 2  2r  1
26. If Sn =  then find the value of S .
r 1 2r 1
n
r 2  2r  1 r 2  2r  1
Sol. Sn =  ; Tr 
r 1 21 2 r 1
Try to split Tr in two parts such that
Tr = f(r) – f(r + 1)
r 2 (r  1)2
 Tr   r 1
2r 2
12 22
T1  
2 22

22 32
T2  
22 23
32 4 2
T3  
23 24
n 2 (n  1) 2
Tn   n 1
2n 2
1 (n  1) 2
Sn = T1 + T2 + ........ + Tn =  n 1
2 2
1
S 
2

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27. Let a, b and c be three positive numbers than prove that (a + b + c)
1 1 1
a  b c9
 
Sol. We know that for positive numbers
AM  HM
a bc 3
 
3 1 1 1
 
a b c

1 1 1
 (a + b + c)      9
a b c

1 1 3
28. Let f(x) = x5 + x3 + 5x2 + 7
 8   1 be a function defined for positive values of x, then find the least
x x x
value of f(x).
Sol. x is positive thats why we can think about AM  GM
1 1 3
f(x) = x5 + x3 + 5x2 + 7
 8  1
x x x
1 1 1 1 1
= x5 + x3 + x2 + x2 + x2 + x2 + x2 +     1
x7 x8 x x x
(split always in equal parts)
f (x)
  (1)1/13 (using AM  GM)
3
f(x)  13

29. Find the sum of the series.

1 + 3.2 + 5.22 + 7.23 + ....... + (2n – 1) 2n–1
Sol. Sn = 1 + 3.2 + 5.22 + 7.23 + .......... + (2n – 1) 2n–1 .....(i)
2Sn = 2 + 3.22 + 5.23 + ..... + (2n – 3). 2n–1 + (2n – 1 ) 2n .....(ii)
subtracting (ii) from (i) we get
– Sn = 1 + 2.2 + 2.22 + 2.23 .................... + 2.2n–1 – (2n – 1) 2n
4(2n 1  1)
– Sn = 1   (2n  1)2n
2 1
Sn = (2n – 1) 2n – 2n+1 + 3 = 2n+1 (n – 1) – 2n + 3

30. Find the sum of the series

1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + ................. up to n terms
Sol. Sn = 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + ...................... + Tn
Sn = 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 ....................... + Tn–1 + Tn
0 = 1 + (2 + 4 + 6 + ................ up to n – 1) – Tn
 Tn = 1 + n(n – 1) = n2 – n + 1
Sn = Tn = n2 – n + 1
n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1)
  n
6 2
n 3  2n

3

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PROFICIENCY TEST-01
1 A sequence is given by the formula of its nth term : an = 10 – 3n. Prove that an is an arithmetic progression.
2. Let an = n2 + 1 and bn is defined bn = an+1 – an.
Show that {bn} is an arithmetic sequence.
3. Prove that if the numbers logk x, logm x and logn x(x  1) from an arithmetic progression then
n2 = (kn )logk m .
4. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 27 and the sum of their squares is 293. Find the numbers.
5. Find four numbers in A.P. such that their sum is 50 and the greatest of them is 4 times the least.
6. How many terms are identical in the two arithmetic progressions 2, 4, 6, 8,..... up to 100 terms and 3, 6,
9,..... upto 80 terms.
7. The sum of n terms of two A.P.'s are in the ratio (3n – 13) : (5n + 21). Find the ratio of their 24th terms.
8. Suppose a1, a2,..... are in A.P. and Sk denotes the sum of the first k terms of this A.P. If Sn/Sm = n4/m4
am1 (2m 1)3
for all m, n  N, then prove that  .
an1 (2n 1)3
9. In an A.P. of 99 terms, the sum of all the odd numbered terms is 2550. Then find the sum of all the
99 terms of the A.P.
10. Find the degree of the expression (1 + x)(1 + x6 )(1 + x11).....(1 + x101).

PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. Find the sum of all three-digit natural numbers, which are divisible by 7.
2. Find the sum of first 24 terms of the A.P., a1, a2, a3,......, if it is known that a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 +
a24 = 225.
3. If the arithmetic progression whose common difference is non-zero, the sum of first 3n terms is equal to
the sum of next n terms. Then, find the ratio of the sum of the first 2n terms to the sum of next 2n terms.
4. Insert three arithmetic means between 3 and 19.
5. If eleven A.M.'s are inserted between 28 and 10, then find the number of integral A.M.'s.
6. Between 1 and 31 are inserted m arithmetic means so that the ratio of the 7th and (m – 1)th means is
5 : 9. Find the value of m.
7. The ratio of the sums of m and n terms of an A.P. is m2 : n2. Show that the ratio of the mth and nth terms
is (2m – 1) : (2n – 1).
8. If a, b, c, d are distinct integers in an A.P. such that d = a2 + b2 + c2, then find the value of a + b+ c + d.
9. If the third and fourth terms of an arithmetic sequence are increased by 3 and 8 respectively, then the first
four terms form a geometric sequence. Find
(i) The sum of the first four terms of A.P. (ii) The second term of the G.P.
10. Three positive numbers from a G.P. If the second term is increased by 8, the resulting sequence is an A.P.
In turn, if we increase the last term of this A.P. by 64, we get a G.P. Find the three numbers.

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PROFICIENCY TEST-03
Fifth term of a G.P. is 2. Find the product of its first nine terms.
2. Three numbers are in G.P. If we double the middle term, we get an A.P. Then find the common ratio of
the G.P.
3. Determine the number of terms in a G.P., if a1 = 3, an = 96 and Sn = 189.
4. Prove that 61/2 × 61/4 × 61/8 .....  = 6.
6
i
5. Find  23
i 1

6. Find the sum of n terms of the series 2 + 22 + 222 + .....

7. If x = 1 + a + a2 + a3 +..... and y = 1 + b + b2 + b3 +..... , show that
xy
1 + ab + a2b2 + a3b3 +.....  = , where 0 < a < 1 and 0 < b < 1.
x  y 1

1 1 1
8. If G be the geometric mean of x and y, then prove that 2 2
 2 2
 2.
(G  x ) (G  y ) G
9. Find two numbers whose arithmetic mean is 34 and the geometric mean is 16.
10. If a is the A.M. of b & c, and the two geometric means between b & c are G1 and G2, then prove that
G13 + G23 = 2abc.

PROFICIENCY TEST-04
  ( n11)  


Let P =  10
2 
1  then find log0.01 (P).
n 1 


2. The A.M. between two positive numbers exceeds the G.M. by 5, and the G.M. exceeds the H.M. by 4.
Find the numbers.
35
3. If the sum to infinity of the series 1 + 4x + 7x2 + 10x3 + ...... is then find x.
16
4. Find the sum to n terms of the series 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) +.....
5. Evaluate 1 + 5 + 12 + 22 + 35 + .....
6. Find the sum of n-terms 1 + 4 + 10 + 22 + .....
7. If a, b, c, d are four positive real numbers such that abcd = 1,
Prove that (1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c) (1 + d) 16.
8. If x, y, z be positive numbers, show that (x + y + z)3  27 xyz.
9. If n is positive integer, show that 22n+ 1 > 1 + (2n + 1)2n.
10. In the equation x4 + px3 + qx2 + rx + 5 = 0 has four positive real roots, then find the minimum value of
pr.

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PROFICIENCY TEST-05

3n 1
1. If the sum of n terms of a G.P. is 3 – , then find the common ratio.
4 2n
2. In a geometric progression consisting of positive terms, each term equals the sum of the next two terms.
Then find the common ratio.
3. If a, b, c, d and p are distinct real numbers such that
(a2 + b2 + c2)p2 – 2(ab + bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 + d)2  0, then prove that a, b, c are in G.P.
4. If first three terms of the sequence 1/16, a, b, 1/6 are in geometric series and last three terms are in
harmonic series, then find the value of a and b.
5. If H is the harmonic mean between P and Q, then find the value of H/P + H/Q.

a 2  d 2
6. If a, b, c and d are in H.P., then find the value of 2 2 .
b c
7. If a, a1, a2, a3,....., a2n, b are in A.P. and a, g1, g2, g3,....., g2n, b are in G.P. and h is the H.M. of a and b,
then prove that
a1  a 2n a 2  a 2n 1 a  a n 1 2n
 +.....+ n 
g1g 2n g 2g 2n 1 g n g n 1 h
8. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of the squares of
a b c
their reciprocals, then prove that , and are in H.P..
c a b
1 1 44
9. If the sum to infinity of the series 3 + (3 + d) + (3 + 2d) 2 + .....  is , then find d.
4 4 9

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES
EXERCISE FROM HALL & KNIGHT BOOK

EXERCISE - IV (A)
1 1
1. Sum 2, 3 , 4 , ....... to 20 terms
4 2
2. Sum 49, 44, 39, ..... to 17 terms.

2 7
3. Sum 3 , , , ..... to 19 terms
4 3 12

7 2
4. Sum 3, , 1 , ....... to n terms.
3 3
5. Sum 3.75, 3.5, 3.25, ...... to 16 terms.

1 1
6. Sum – 7 , –7, –6 , ....... to 24 terms.
2 2
7. Sum 1.3, – 3.1, –7.5, ....... to 10 terms.

12
8. Sum  6 , 3 3 , , ..... to 50 terms.
3 3

9. Sum 3 , 4 , 5 , ...... to 25 terms.

5 5

10. Sum a – 3b, 2a – 5b, 3a – 7b , ..... to 40 terms.

11. Sum 2a – b, 4a – 3b, 6a – 5b,....... to n terms.

ab
12. Sum , a , 3a – b , ....... to 21 terms.
2 2

1 3
13. Insert 19 arithmetic means between and – 9 .
4 4

1 1
14. Insert 17 arithmetic means between 3 and – 41 .
2 2

15. Insert 18 arithmetic means between – 35x and 3x.

16. Insert x arithmetic means between x2 and 1.
17. Find the sum of the first n odd numbers.
18. In an A.P. the first term is 2, the last term 29, the sum 155; find the difference.
19. The sum of 15 terms of an A.P. is 600, and the common difference is 5; find the first term.

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20. The third term of an A.P. is 18, and the seventh term is 30; find the sum of 17 terms.
21. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 27, and their product is 504; find them.
22. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 12, and the sum of their cubes is 408; find them.
23. Find the sum of 15 terms of the series whose nth term is 4n + 1.

p
24. Find the sum of 35 terms of the series whose pth term is + 2.
7

n
25. Find the sum of p terms of the series whose nth term is + b.
a

2 2
3
26. Find the sum of n terms of the series 2a – 1 , 4a – , 6a – 5 ,......
a a a

EXERCISE - IV (B)
1. Given a = – 2, d = 4 and s = 160, find n.
2. How many terms of the series 12, 16, 20,... must be taken to make 208 ?
3. In an A.P. the third term is four times the first term, and the sixth term is 17; find the series.

3 1 1
4. The 2nd , 31st and last terms of an A.P. are 7 , and – 6 respectively; find the first term and the
4 2 2
number of terms.
5. The 4th, 42nd, and last terms of an A.P. are 0, –95 and – 125 respectively; find the term and the number
of terms.
6. A man arranges to pay off a debt of £ 3600 by 40 annual instalments which form an arithmetic series.
When 30 of the instalments are paid he dies leaving a third of the debt unpaid : find the value of the first
instalment.

1
7. Between two numbers whose sum is 2 an even number of arithmetic means is inserted ; the sum of
6
these means exceeds their number by unity : how many means are there ?
8. The sum of n terms of the series 2, 5, 8,.... is 950 : find n.

1 1 1
9. Sum the series , , ..... to n terms.
1  x 1 – x 1– x
10. If the sum of 7 terms is 49, and the sum of 17 terms is 289, find the sum of n terms.
11. If the pth, qth, rth terms of an A.P. are a, b, c respectively, show that
(q – r) a + (r – p) b + (p – q) c = 0.
12. The sum of p terms of an A.P. is q, and the sum of q terms is p; find the sum of p + q terms.
13. The sum of four integers in A.P. is 24, and their product is 945; find them.

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14. Divide 20 into four parts which are in A.P. and such that the product of the first and fourth is to the
product of the second and third in the ratio of 2 to 3.
15. The pth term of an A.P. is q, and the qth term is p; find the mth term.
16. How many terms of the series 9,12,15,..... must be taken to make 306 ?
17. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is 2n + 3n2, find the rth term.
18. If the sum of m terms of an A.P. is to the sum of n terms as m2 to n2, show that the mth term is to the nth
term as 2m – 1 is to 2n – 1.
19. Prove that the sum of an odd number of terms in A.P. is equal to the middle term multiplied by the number
of terms.
20. If s = n (5n – 3) for all values of n, find the pth term.
21. The number of terms in an A.P. is even; the sum of the odd terms is 24, of the even terms 30, and the last
1
term exceeds the first by 10 , find the number of terms.
2
22. There are two sets of numbers each consisting of 3 terms in A.P. and the sum of each set is 15. The
common difference of the first set is greater by 1 than the common difference of the second set, and the
product of the first set is to the product of the second set as 7 to 8 : find the numbers.
23. Find the relation between x and y in order that the rth mean between x and 2y may be the same as the rth
mean between 2x and y, n means being inserted in each case.
24. If the sum of an A.P. is the same for p as for q terms, show that its sum of p + q terms is zero.

EXERCISE - V (A)
1 1 2
1. Sum , , , ....... to 7 terms.
2 3 9

1 1
2. Sum – 2, 2 , – 3 , ....... to 6 terms.
2 8

3 1
3. Sum , 1 , 3, ....... to 8 terms
4 2
4. Sum 2, –4, 8, ....... to 10 terms.
5. Sum 16 · 2, 5 · 4, 1 · 8, ....... to 7 terms.
6. Sum 1, 5, 25, ....... to p terms.

16
7. Sum 3, –4, , ....... to 2n terms.
3

8. Sum 1, 3 , 3 , ....... to 12 terms.

1 8
9. Sum , – 2, , ....... to 7 terms.
2 2

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1 1 3
10. Sum – , , – , ....... to 7 terms.
3 2 4

1 4
11. Insert 3 geometric means between 2 and .
4 9

5 1
12. Insert 5 geometric means between 3 and 40 .
9 2

7
13. Insert 6 geometric means between 14 and  .
64

Sum the following series to infinity.

8 5
14. ,1, , ........
5 8

15. ·45, ·015, ·0005 , ....

16. 1·665, –1·11, ·74, .....

17. 3–1, 3–2, 3–3, ........

18. 3, 3 , 1, ..........

19. 7, 42 , 6, .......

20. The sum of the first 6 terms of a G.P. is 9 times the sum of the first 3 terms; find the common ratio.

21. The fifth terms of a G.P. is 81, and the second terms is 24, find the series.

22. The sum of a G.P. whose common ratio is 3 is 728, and the last term is 486; find the first term.

23. In a G.P. the first term is 7, the last term 448, and the sum 889; find the common ratio.

24. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 38, and their product is 1728; find them.

25. The continued product of three numbers in G.P. is 216, and the sum of the product of them in pairs is
156; find the numbers.

26. If Sp denote the sum of the series 1 + rp + r2p + ....... ad inf,., and sp the sum of the series

1 – rp + r2p –..... ad inf., prove that Sp + sp = 2S2p

27. If the pth, qth, rrh terms of a G.P. be a, b, c respectively, prove that aq–r br–p cp–q = 1.

28. The sum of an infinite number of terms of a G.P. is 4, and the sum of their cubes is 192, find the series.

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EXERCISE - V (B)
1. Sum 1 + 2a + 3a2 + 4a3 + ...... to n terms.

3 7 15 31
2. Sum 1 +    + ...... to infinity..
4 16 64 256
3. Sum 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 + 9x4 + ....... to infinity.

2 3 4
4. Sum 1 +   + ...... to n terms.
2 2 2 23

3 5 7
5. Sum 1 +   + ........ to infinity..
2 4 8

6. Sum 1 + 3x + 6x2 + 10x3 + ...... to infinity.

7. Prove that the (n + 1)th term of a G.P., of which the first term is a and the third term b, is equal to the
(2n + 1)th term of a G.P. of whch the first is a and the fifth term b.

8. The sum of 2n terms of a G.P. whose first term is a and common ratio r is equal to the sum of n of a G.P.
whose first term is b and common ratio r2. Prove that b is equal to the sum of the first two terms of the
first series.

9. Find the sum of the infinite series 1 + (1 + b) r + (1 + b + b2)r2 + (1 + b + b2 + b3)r3 + ....., r and b being
proper fractions.

10. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 70; if the two extremes be multiplied each by 4, and the mean by 5,
the products are in A.P. , find the numbers.

11. The first two terms of an infinite G.P. are together equal to 5 and every term is 3 times the sum of all the
terms that follow it ; find the series.

Sum the following series:

12. x + a, x2 + 2a, x3 + 3a ...... to n terms.

13. x(x + y) + x2(x2 + y2) + x3(x3 + y3)...... to n terms.

1 1 1
14. a+ , 3a – , 5a + + ..... to 2p terms.
3 6 12

2 3 2 3 2 3
15.      + ....... to infinity..
3 32 33 34 35 36

4 5 4 5 4 5
16.       ....... to infinity..
7 72 73 7 4 75 7 6
17. If a, b, c, d be in G.P., prove that (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 + (d – b)2 = (a – d)2.

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18. If the arithmetic mean between a and b is twice as great as the geometric mean, show that

a:b=2+ 3:2– 3

19. Find the sum of n terms of the series the rth term of which is (2r + 1)2r.

20. Find the sum of 2n terms of a series of which every even term is a times the term before it, and every odd
term c times the term before it, the first being unity.

21. If Sn denote the sum of n terms of a G.P. whose first term is a, and common ratio r, find the sum of
S1, S3, S5, ..... S2n – 1.

22. If S1, S2, S3,........ Sp are the sums of infinite geometric series, whose first terms are 1, 2, 3,..... p, and
whose common ratios are :

1 1 1 1
, , , ....... respectively..
2 3 4 p 1

p
prove that S1 + S2 + S3 + ...... + Sp = (p + 3).
2

23. If r < 1 and positive, and m is a positive integer, show that (2m + 1)rm, (1 – r) < 1 – r2m+1. Hence show
that nrn is indefinitely small when n is indefinitely great.

EXERCISE - VI (A)
1. Find the fourth term in each of the following series :

1 1 1 1 1
(1) 2, 2 ,3 , ....... (2) 2, 2 ,3,.... (3) 2, 2 ,3 ,....
2 3 2 2 8
2. Insert two harmonic means between 5 and 11.

2 2
3. Insert four harmonic means between and .
3 13

3
4. If 12 and 9 are the geometric and haromonic means, respectively, between two numbers, find them.
5

5. If the harmonic mean between two quantities is to their geometric means as 12 to 13, prove that the
quantities are in the ratio of 4 to 9.

6. If a, b, c be in H.P., show that a : a – b = a + c : a – c

7. It the mth term of a H.P. be equal to n, and the nth term be equal to m, prove that the (m + n)th term is
mn
equal to .
mn
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
8. If the pth, qth, rth terms of a H.P. be a, b, c respectively, prove that (q – r) bc + (r – p) ca + (p – q)ab = 0.

1 1 1 1
9. If b is the haromonic mean between a and c, prove that    .
ba bc a c

Find the sum of n terms of the series whose nth term is :

10. 3n2 – n

3
11. n3 + n
2
12. n(n + 2).

13. n2(2n + 3)

14. 3n – 2 n

15. 3(4n + 2n2) – 4n2

16. If the (m + 1)th, (n + 1)th, and (r + 1)th terms of an A.P. are in G.P., and m, n, r are in H.P., show that the
2
ratio of the common difference to the first term in the A.P. is – .
n

17. If l, m, n are three numbers in G.P., prove that the first term of an A.P. whose lth , mth and nth terms are
in H.P. is to the common differences as m + 1 to 1.

18. If the sum of n terms of a series be a + bn + cn2, find the nth term and the nature of the series.

19. Find the sum of n terms of the series whose nth term is 4n(n2 + 1) – (6n2 + 1).

20. If between any two quantities there be inserted two arithmetic means A1, A2 ; two geometric means
G1, G2, and two harmonic means H1, H2, show that G1G2 : H1 H2 = A1 + A2 : H1 + H2.

21. If p be the first of n arithmetic means between two numbers, and q the first of n harmonic means between
2
 n 1
the same two numbers, prove that the value of q cannot lie between p and   p.
 n 1

22. Find the sum of the cubes of the terms of an A.P., and show that it is exactly divisible by the sum of the

terms.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
EXERCISE–I

1. The sum of n terms of two arithmetic series are in the ratio of (7 n + 1) : (4 n + 27) . Find the ratio of their
nth term.

2. In an AP of which ‘a’ is the Ist term, if the sum of the Ist p terms is equal to zero, show that the sum of
 aq (p  q ) 
the next q terms is –   .
 p 1 
3. (a) The interior angles of a polygon are in AP. The smallest angle is 120° & the common difference is 5°. Find
the number of sides of the polygon.
(b) The interior angles of a convex polygon form an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 4°.
Determine the number of sides of the polygon if its largest interior angle is 172°.
n ( n  1)
4. Show that ln (4 × 12 × 36 × 108 × .............. up to n terms) = 2n ln 2 + ln 3
2
5. There are n AM’s between 1 & 31 such that 7th mean : (n  1)th mean = 5 : 9, then find the value of n.
6. Prove that the average of the numbers n sin n°, n = 2, 4, 6, ......., 180, is cot 1°.
359
7. Find the value of the sum  k ·cos k .
k 0
8. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 1 and the sum of the first nine terms equal to 369. The first
and the ninth term of a geometric progression coincide with the first and the ninth term of the arithmetic
progression. Find the seventh term of the geometric progression.

9. In a set of four numbers, the first three are in GP & the last three are in AP, with common difference 6. If
the first number is the same as the fourth, find the four numbers.

10. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd terms of an arithmetic series are a, b and a2 where 'a' is negative. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd
terms of a geometric series are a, a2 and b find the
(a) value of a and b
(b) sum of infinite geometric series if it exists. If no then find the sum to n terms of the G.P.
(c) sum of the 40 term of the arithmetic series.

11. Let 'X' denotes the value of the product

(1 + a + a2 + a3 + ....... )(1 + b + b2 + b3 + ..... )
where 'a' and 'b' are the roots of the quadratic equation 11x2 – 4x – 2 = 0
and 'Y' denotes the numerical value of the infinite series
0
  log 2 1  log 541   log 22  log 542   log 23  log 543   .......
log b 20  log b 54 b
  b  b
 b  b
 b 
where b = 2000. Find (XY).
12. Find three numbers a , b , c between 2 & 18 such that;
(i) their sum is 25
(ii) the numbers 2, a, b are consecutive terms of an AP &
(iii) the numbers b , c , 18 are consecutive terms of a GP .

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
13. If one AM ‘a’ and two GM’s p and q be inserted between any two given numbers then show that
p3+ q3 = 2apq.
14. If S1, S2, S3,... Sn, .... are the sums of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, ... n, ... and
1 2 n 1
1 1 1 2
whose common ratios are , , , ...., , ... respectively, then find the value of  Sr .
2 3 4 n 1 r 1

2 3
1 1 1
15. Find the sum of the first n terms of the sequence : 1  21    31    41    ..............
 n  n  n
16. Find the nth term and the sum to n terms of the sequence:
(i) 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ...... (ii) 6 + 13 + 22 + 33 + .......
17. Sum the following series to n terms and to infinity :
n
1 1 1
(i)    ......... (ii)  r (r + 1) (r + 2) (r + 3)
1. 4 . 7 4 . 7 .10 7 .10 .13 r 1
n
1 1 1.3 1.3.5
(iii)  2   (iv) ........... .
r1 4r  1 4 4.6 4.6.8
1 2 3
18. Find the sum of the n terms of the sequence    ................
1  1  1 1  2  2 1  3  34
2 4 2 4 2

 n 2  2n  3 

19. Let '' denotes the sum of the infinite series   n
.

n 1  2 
3 3 3
Compute the value of (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... +  ). 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
20. If the sum 1  2 + 1  2  2 + 1  2  2 + ....... + 1  2
 equal
2
1 2 2 3 3 4 (1999) (2000) 2

1
to n – where n  N. Find n.
n
21. If the 10th term of an HP is 21 and 21st term of the same HP is 10, then find the 210th term.
22. The pth term Tp of H.P. is q(p + q) and qth term Tq is p(p + q) when p > 2, q > 2. Prove that
(a) Tp + q = pq ; (b) Tpq = p + q ; (c) Tp + q > Tpq
23. The harmonic mean of two numbers is 4. The airthmetic mean A & the geometric mean G satisfy the
relation 2 A + G2 = 27. Find the two numbers.
24. The AM of two numbers exceeds their GM by 15 & HM by 27. Find the numbers.

B
25. In the quadratic equation A 3  2 x 2     3 2
x  C  0 with ,  as its roots.

8 6 16

If A = 49  20 6  14
; B = sum of the infinite G.P. as 8 3 
3

3
 .......

and |–|= 6 6   k
where k = log610 – 2 log6 5 + log6 (log 6 18  log 6 72) ,
then find the value of C.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
EXERCISE–II
1. If sin x, sin22x and cos x · sin 4x form an increasing geometric sequence, find the numerial value of
cos 2x. Also find the common ratio of geometric sequence.
2. If the first 3 consecutive terms of a geometrical progression are the real roots of the equation
2x3 – 19x2 + 57x – 54 = 0 find the sum to infinite number of terms of G.P.

1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9

3. Find the sum of the infinite series     .......... .
2 2 2 23 2 4
4. Two distinct, real, infinite geometric series each have a sum of 1 and have the same second term. The
third term of one of the series is 1 8 . If the second term of both the series can be written in the form
m n
, where m, n and p are positive integers and m is not divisible by the square of any prime, find
p
the value of 100m + 10n + p.
m n
5. One of the roots of the equation 2000x6 + 100x5 + 10x3 + x – 2 = 0 is of the form , where m
r
is non zero integer and n and r are relatively prime natural numbers. Find the value of m + n + r.
6. Find the condition that the roots of the equation x3 – px2 + qx – r = 0 are in A.P. and hence solve the
equation x3 – 12x2 + 39x – 28 = 0.
7. If a, b, c, d, e be 5 numbers such that a, b, c are in AP ; b, c, d are in GP & c, d, e are in HP then:
(i) Prove that a, c, e are in GP .
(ii) Prove that e = (2 b  a)²/a .
(iii) If a = 2 & e = 18 , find all possible values of b , c , d .

2x x
8. Let f (x) denote the sum of the infinite trigonometric series, f (x) =  sin 3n sin 3n .
n 1
Find f (x) (independent of n). If the sum of the solutions of the equation f (x) = 0 lying in the interval
(0, 629) is 2k, find k.
9. A computer solved several problems in succession. The time it took the computer to solve each successive
problem was the same number of times smaller than the time it took to solve the preceding problem.
How many problems were suggested to the computer if it spent 63.5 min to solve all the problems
except for the first, 127 min to solve all the problems except for the last one, and 31.5 min to solve all the
problems except for the first two ?
10. If n is a root of the equation x2(1  ac)  x (a2 + c2)  (1 + ac) = 0 & if n HM’s are inserted between
a and c, show that the difference between the first & the last mean is equal to ac(a – c).
11. Given that the cubic ax3 – ax2 + 9bx – b = 0 (a  0) has all three positive roots. Find the harmonic mean
of the roots independent of a and b, hence deduce that the root are all equal. Find also the minimum
value of (a + b) if a and b  N.
    
12. If tan  x  , tan , tan  x  in order are three consecutive terms of a G.P. then sum of all the
 12  12  12 
solutions in [0, 314] is k. Find the value of k.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
13. In a right angled triangle, Sa and Sb denote the medians that belong to the legs of the triangle, the median
S  Sb
belonging to the hypotenuse is Sc. Find the maximum value of the expression a .
Sc
(You may use the fact that R.M.S.  A.M).

14. The sequence a1, a2, a3, ....... a98 satisfies the relation an+1 = an + 1 for n = 1, 2, 3, .........97 and has
49
the sum equal to 4949. Evaluate  a 2k .
k 1

15. (a) The value of x + y + z is 15 if a , x , y , z , b are in AP while the value of ;

(1/x)+(1/y)+(1/z) is 5/3 if a , x , y , z , b are in HP. Find a & b.
(b) The values of xyz is 15/2 or 18/5 according as the series a , x , y , z , b is an AP or HP . Find
the values of a & b assuming them to be positive integer.
16. Find the conditions on  and  x1, x2, x3 satisfying the cubic x3  x2 + x +  = 0 are in A.P.
17. If the roots of 10x3  cx2  54x  27 = 0 are in harmonic progression, then find c and all the roots.
18. If a , b , c be in GP & logc a, logb c, loga b be in AP , then show that the common difference of the
AP must be 3/2.
19. In a GP the ratio of the sum of the first eleven terms to the sum of the last eleven terms is 1/8 and the
ratio of the sum of all the terms without the first nine to the sum of all the terms without the last nine is 2.
Find the number of terms in the GP.
20. Given a three digit number whose digits are three successive terms of a G.P. If we subtract 792 from it,
we get a number written by the same digits in the reverse order. Now if we subtract four from the
hundred's digit of the initial number and leave the other digits unchanged, we get a number whose digits
are successive terms of an A.P. Find the number.

EXERCISE–III
   
1. (a) The harmonic mean of the roots of the equation 5  2 x 2  4  5 x + 8 + 2 5 = 0 is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 [JEE '99, 2+2]

(b) Let a1, a2,...., a10, be in A.P. & h1, h2, ....., h10 be in H.P. If a1 = h1 = 2 & a10 = h10 = 3 then a4h7 is :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6

2. The sum of an infinite geometric series is 162 and the sum of its first n terms is 160. If the inverse of its
common ratio is an integer, find all possible values of the common ratio, n and the first terms of the series.
[JEE '99, 6]
3. (a) Consider an infinite geometric series with first term 'a' and common ratio r . If the sum is 4 and the
second term is 3/4, then :
7 3 3 3 1 1
(A) a = ,r= (B) a = 2, r = (C) a = ,r= (D) a = 3, r =
4 7 8 2 2 4

(b) If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d = 2, then M = (a + b) (c + d) satisfies

the relation :
(A) 0  M  1 (B) 1  M  2 (C) 2  M  3 (D) 3  M  4
[JEE 2000, Screening, 1 + 1 out of 35]

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
(c) The fourth power of the common difference of an arithmetic progression with integer entries added to
the product of any four consecutive terms of it . Prove that the resulting sum is the square of an integer.
[JEE 2000, Mains, 4 out of 100]
4. Given that ,  are roots of the equation, A x2  4 x + 1 = 0 and ,  the roots of the equation,
B x2  6 x + 1 = 0, find values of A and B, such that , ,  &  are in H.P.
[REE 2000, 5 out of 100]
5. The sum of roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of squares of their reciprocals. Find
whether bc2, ca2 and ab2 in A.P., G.P. or H.P.? [REE 2001, 3 out of 100]
6. Solve the following equations for x and y
log2x + log4x + log16x + .................... = y
5  9  13............ (4y  1)
= 4log4x [REE 2001, 5 out of 100]
1  3  5.............. (2y  1)

7. (a) Let  be the roots of x2 – x + p = 0 and  be the roots of x2 – 4x + q = 0. If are in G.P.,
then the integral values of p and q respectively, are
(A) –2, –32 (B) –2, 3 (C) –6, 3 (D) –6, –32
(b) If the sum of the first 2n terms of the A.P. 2, 5, 8, ........... is equal to the sum of the first n terms of the A.P.
57, 59, 61, ........, then n equals
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13

(c) Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are
(A) NOT in A.P./G.P./H.P. (B) in A.P.
(C) in G.P. (D) H.P. [JEE 2001, Scr, 1 + 1 + 1 out of 35]

(d) Let a1, a2 .......... be positive real numbers in G.P. For each n, let An, Gn, Hn, be respectively, the
arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean of a1, a2, a3, ...........an. Find an expression for the
G.M. of G1, G2, .........Gn in terms of A1, A2 .............An, H1, H2, .........Hn.
[JEE 2001 (Mains); 5]

3
8.(a) Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 are in G.P. If a < b < c and a + b + c = , then the value of a is
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
[JEE 2002 (Screening), 3]

(b) Let a, b be positive real numbers. If a , A1 , A2 , b are in A.P. ; a , G1 , G2 , b are in G.P. and
a , H1 , H2 , b are in H.P. , show that
G1 G 2 A  A2 ( 2a  b ) ( a  2 b )
 1  [JEE 2002, Mains, 5 out of 60]
H1 H 2 H1  H 2 9ab

c
9. If a, b, c are in A.P., a2 , b2 , c2 are in H.P. , then prove that either a = b = c or a, b,  form a G.P..
2
[JEE-03, Mains-4 out of 60]

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
10. The first term of an infinite geometric progression is x and its sum is 5. Then
(A) 0 x  10 (B) 0 < x < 10 (C) –10 < x < 0 (D) x > 10
[JEE 2004 (Screening)]

11. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)]7 > 77 a4 b4 c4.
[JEE 2004, 4 out of 60]
12. (a) In the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, if  = b2 – 4ac and  + , 2 + 2, 3 + 3 are in G.P. where
,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
(A)   0 (B) b = 0 (C) c = 0 (D)  = 0
[JEE 2005 (Screening)]
 n  1  n+1
(b) If total number of runs scored in n matches is   (2 – n – 2) where n > 1, and the runs scored in
 4 
the kth match are given by k·2n+1– k, where 1  k  n. Find n. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 2]

2 3 n
3  3 3 3
13. If A n           .......   1n 1   and Bn = 1 – An, then find the minimum natural
4  4 4 4
number n0 such that Bn > An.  n > n0. [JEE 2006, 6]
Comprehension (3 questions)
14. Let Vr denote the sum of the first 'r' terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first term is 'r' and
the common difference is (2r – 1).
Let Tr = Vr + 1 – Vr – 2 and Qr = Tr + 1 – Tr for r = 1, 2, ...

(a) The sum V1 + V2 + ...... + Vn is

1 1
(A) n(n + 1)(3n2 – n + 1) (B) n(n + 1)(3n2 + n + 2)
12 12
1 1
(C) n(2n2 – n + 1) (D) (2n3 – 2n + 3)
2 3
(b) Tr is always
(A) an odd number (B) an even number
(C) a prime number (D) a composite number

(c) Which one of the following is a correct statement ?

(A) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 5.
(B) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 6.
(C) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 11.
(D) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ....... [JEE 2007, 4+4+4]

Comprehension (3 questions)

15. Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, respectively, of two distinct
positive numbers. For n  2, let An – 1 and Hn – 1 have arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means as An,
Gn, Hn respectively.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
(a) Which one of the following statements is correct ?
(A) G1 > G2 > G3 > ......
(B) G1 < G2 < G3 < ......
(C) G1 = G2 = G3 = ......
(D) G1 < G3 < G5 < ...... and G2 > G4 > G6 > ......

(b) Which one of the following statements is correct ?

(A) A1 > A2 > A3 > ......
(B) A1 < A2 < A3 < ......
(C) A1 > A3 > A5 > ...... and A2 < A4 < A6 < ......
(D) A1 < A3 < A5 < ...... and A2 > A4 > A6 > ......

(c) Which one of the following statements is correct ?

(A) H1 > H2 > H3 > ......
(B) H1 < H2 < H3 < ......
(C) H1 > H3 > H5 > ...... and H2 < H4 < H6 < ......
(D) H1 < H3 < H5 < ...... and H2 > H4 > H6 > ...... [JEE 2007, 4+4+4]

16. (a) A straight line through the vertex P of a triangle PQR intersects the side QR at the point S and the
circumcircle of the triangle PQR at the point T. If S is not the centre of the circumcircle, then
1 1 2 1 1 2
(A) + < (B) + >
PS ST QS  SR PS ST QS  SR

1 1 4 1 1 4
(C) + < (D) + > [JEE 2008, 4]
PS ST QR PS ST QR

ASSERTION & REASON:

(b) Suppose four distinct positive numbers a1, a2, a3, a4 are in G.P. Let b1 = a1, b2 = b1 + a2, b3 = b2 + a3
and b4 = b3 + a4.
STATEMENT-1 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor in G.P.
STATEMENT-2 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are in H.P.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True [JEE 2008, 3 (–1)]
k 1
17. Let Sk, k = 1, 2, ...., 100, denote the sum of the infinite geometric series whose first term is and the
k!
2
1 100 100 2
common ratio is . Then he value of   |(k – 3k + 1)sk| is [JEE 2010]
k 100! k 1

18. Let a1, a2, a3, ....., a11 be real numbers satisfying a1 = 15, 27 – 2a2 > 0 and ak = 2ak–1 – ak–2 for k = 3,
a12  a 22  ....  a11
2
a  a  ....  a11
4, ...., 11. If  90 , then the value of 1 2 is equal to [JEE 2010]
11 11

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
p
19. Let a1, a2, a3, ....., a100 be an arithmetic progression with a1 = 3 and Sp =  a , 1  p  100. For any
i
i 1

Sm
integer n with 1  n  20, let m = 5n. If does not depend on n, then a2 is [JEE 2011]
Sn

20. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a–5, a–4, 3a–3, 1, a8 and a10 with a > 0 is
[JEE 2011]

21. Let a1, a2, a3 ,...... be in harmonic progression with a1 = 5 and a20 = 25. The least positive integer n for
which an < 0 is : [JEE 2012]
(A) 22 (B) 23 (C) 24 (D) 25

22. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 0.7, 0.77, 0.777,.... is [JEE Main 2013]
7 7 7 7
(A) (99 + 10 –20) (B) (179 – 10–20) (C) (99 – 10–20) (D) (179 + 10–20)
9 81 9 81
4n k (k 1)
23. Let Sn =  (1) 2 k2 . Then Sn can take value(s) [JEE Adv. 2013]
k 1
(A) 1056 (B) 1088 (C) 1120 (D) 1332
1 1
24. Let  and  be the roots of equation px2 + qx + r = 0, p  0. If p, q, r are in A.P. and   4 , then
 
the value of | – | is [IIT Main 2014]
2 13 61 2 17 34
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 9 9
25. Three positive numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle term in this G.P. is doubled, the new
numbers are in A.P. Then the common ratio of the G.P. is [IIT Main 2014]
(A) 2 + 3 (B) 2 3 (C) 3  2 (D) 2  3

26. If (10)9 + 2(11)1 (10)8 + 3(11)2 (10)7 + ..... + 10(11)9 = k(10)9, then k is equal to
121 441
(A) 110 (B) (C) (D) 100 [IIT Main 2014]
10 100
b
27. Let a, b, c be positive integers such that is an integer. If a, b, c are in geometric progression and the
a
a 2  a  14
arithmetic mean of a, b, c is b + 2, then the value of is [IIT Adv. 2014]
a 1

13 13  23 13  23  33
28. The sum of first 9 terms of the series   + .... is [IIT Main 2015]
1 1 3 1 3  5
(A) 192 (B) 71 (C) 96 (D) 142

29. If m is the A.M. of two distinct real numbers  and n (, n > 1) and G1, G2 and G3 are three geometric
means between  and n, then G14  2G 42  G 34 equals [IIT Main 2015]
(A) 42m2n2 (B) 42mn (C) 4m2n (D) 4mn2

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
30. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) are natural numbers. If the ratio of the sum
of the first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : 11 and the seventh term lies in between
130 and 140, then the common difference of this A.P. is [IIT Adv. 2015]

31. If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P. then the common ratio of this G.P. is
8 4 7
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) [IIT Mains 2016]
5 3 4

32. If the sum of the first ten terms of the series [JEE Mains 2016]
2 2 2 2
 3  2  1 2  4 16
1    2    3  + 4 +  4  + ......, is m, then m is equal to
5
   5    5  5 5
(A) 102 (B) 101 (C) 100 (D) 99

33. Let bi > 1 for i = 1, 2,...., 101. Suppose logeb1, logeb2,....., logeb101 are in Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
with the common difference loge2. Suppose a1, a2, ...., a101 are in A.P. such that a1 = b1 and a51 = b51.
If t = b1 + b2 + .....+ b51 and s = a1 + a2 + ...... + a51, then [JEE Adv. 2016]
(A) s > t and a101 > b101 (B) s > t and a101 < b101
(C) s < t and a101 > b101 (D) s < t and a101< b101

34. For any three positive real numbers a, b and c, 9(25a2 + b2) + 25(c2 – 3ac) = 15b(3a + c). Then,
(A) b, c and a are in G.P. (B) b, c and a are in A.P. [JEE Mains 2017]
(C) a, b and c are in A.P. (D) a, b and c are in G.P.

35. The sides of a right angled triangle are in arithmetric progression. If the triangle has area 24, then what is
the length of its smallest side ? [JEE Adv. 2017]

36. Let A be the sum of the first 20 terms and B be the sum of the first 40 terms of the series
12 + 2  22 + 32 + 2  42 + 52 + 2  62 +..... If B – 2A = 100, then l is equal to : [JEE Mains 2018]
(A) 496 (B) 232 (C) 248 (D) 464

12
37. Let a1, a2, a3, .....,a49 be in A.P. such that  a4k 1  416 and a9 + a43 = 66.
k 0

If a12  a22  .......a17

2
 140m , then m equal to : [JEE Mains 2018]
(A) 33 (B) 66 (C) 68 (D) 34

38. Let X be the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 1, 6, 11, ..... , and Y be
the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 9, 16, 23, ..... Then, the number of
elements in the set X  Y. [JEE Adv. 2018]

39. The sum

3 13


5  13  23   7  13  23  33   ..... upto 10 th
terms, is : [JEE Main 2019]
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 2 3
(A) 660 (B) 620 (C) 680 (D) 600

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
40. If a1, a2, a3, ......an are in A.P. and a1 + a4 + a7 +.......+ a16 = 114, then a1 + a6 + a11 + a16 is equal to:
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 38 (B) 98 (C) 76 (D) 64

41. If the sum and product of the first three term in an A.P. are 33 and 1155, respectively, then a value of its
11th term is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) –25 (B) 25 (C) –36 (D) –35

42. The sum of the series 1 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 4 × 7 + ...... upto 11th term is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 915 (B) 946 (C) 945 (D) 916

20
1
43. The sum  k is equal to : [JEE Main 2019]
k 1 2k

3 11 11 21
(A) 2  (B) 2  (C) 1  (D) 2 
217 219 2 20 220

44. The sum of all natural numbers 'n' such that 100 < n < 200 and H.C. F. (91, n) > 1 is: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 3221 (B) 3121 (C) 3203 (D) 3303

3 3 3 3
3  1  1 3  3
45. If the sum of the first 15 terms of the series    1    2   3   3   ...... is equal to 225
 4  2  4  4
k, then k is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 108 (B) 27 (C) 54 (D) 9

46. The product of three consecutive terms of a G.P. is 512. If 4 is added to each of the first and the second
of these terms, the three terms now form an A. P. Then the sum of the original three terms of the given G.
P. is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 36 (B) 32 (C) 24 (D) 28

1  2  3  ....  k 5
47. Let Sk  . If S12 + S22 + ..... + S102 = A , then A is equal to :[JEE Main 2019]
k 12
(A) 283 (B) 301 (C) 303 (D) 156

48. If 19th terms of non - zero A.P. is zero, then its (49th term) : (29th term) is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 1 : 3 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 2 : 1

49. The sum of an infinite geometric series with positive terms is 3 and the sum of the cubes of its terms is
27
. Then the common ratio of this series is : [JEE Main 2019]
19
1 2 2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 9 9

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a3 a9
50. Let a1, a2, ..... a10 be a G.P. If a  25 , then a equals : [JEE Main 2019]
1 5
(A) 54 (B) 4(52) (C) 53 (D) 2(52)

51. Let a, b and c be the 7th, 11th and 13th terms respectively of a non-constant A. P. If these are also the
a
three consecutive terms of a G.P., then is equal to :- [JEE Main 2019]
c
(A) 1/2 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 7/13

52. If a, b and c be three distinct real numbers in G.P. and a + b + c = xb, then x cannot be:
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 4 (B) –3 (C) –2 (D) 2

30 15
53. Let a1, a2 ,......, a30 be an A.P., S   a i and T  a (2i 1).
i 1 i 1

If a5 = 27 and S –2T = 75, then a10 is equal to: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 57 (B) 47 (C) 42 (D) 52
54. The sum of the following series
9 12  22  32  12 12  22  32  42  15 12  22  ....  52 
1 6     ... up to 15 terms, is:
7 9 11
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 7820 (B) 7830 (C) 7520 (D) 7510

55. Let x, y be positive real numbers and m, n positive integers. The maximum value of the expression

x m yn
1  x 2m  1  y 2n  is: [JEE Main 2019]

1 1 mn
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 4 6mn

56. If three distinct numbers a, b, c are in G.P. and the equations ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and dx2 + 2ex + f = 0
have a common root, then which one of the following statements is correct? [JEE Main 2019]
d e f
(A) d,e,f are in A.P. (B) , , are in G.P..
a b c

d e f
(C) , , are in A.P.. (D) d,e,f are in G.P.
a b c

n n  7
57. Let the sum of the first n terms of a non-constant A.P., a1, a2, a3,... be 50n  A , where A is a
2

constant. If d is the common difference of this A.P., then the ordered pair (d, a50) is equal to :
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) (A, 50 + 46A) (B) (A, 50 + 45A) (C) (50, 50 + 46A) (D) (50, 50 + 45A)

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1
58. Let a, b and c be in G.P. with common ratio r, where a  0 and 0  r  . If 3a, 7b and 15c are the first
2
three terms of an A.P., then the 4th term of this A.P. is: [JEE Main 2019]
7 2
(A) a (B) a (C) a (D) 5a
3 3
n n
59. If  and  are the roots of the equation 375x – 25x – 2 = 0, then nlim
2

 r  nlim

 r is equal to:-
r 1 r 1
[JEE Main 2019]
21 29 1 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
346 358 12 116

60. If ,  and  are three consecutive terms of a non constant G.P. such that the equations
x2 + 2x +  = 0 and x2 + x – 1 = 0 have a common root, then (+ ) is equal to:
[JEE Main 2019]
(A)  (B) 0 (C)  (D) 
2 n
 q 1   q 1   q 1
61. Let Sn = 1 + q + q + .... + q and Tn  1  
2 n
   ....    where q is a real number
 2   2   2 
and q  1. If 101C1 + 101C2.S1 + .... + 101C101.S100 = T100 then  is equal to : [JEE (Main) 2019]
99 100
(A) 2 (B) 202 (C) 200 (D) 2

62. If sin 4   4 cos 4   2  4 2 sin  cos ; ,   [0, ] , then cos      - cos () is equal to:
[JEE (Main) 2019]
(A) 0 (B)  2 (C) –1 (D) 2

63. Let  and  be the roots of x2 – x –1 = 0, with  > . For all positive integers n, define

 n  n
an  , n 1 [JEE Adv. 2019]

b1 = 1 and bn = an–1 + an+1 , n  2.
Then which of the following option is/are correct ?

n a 10
(A) a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an = an+2 – 1 for all n  1 (B)  n  89
10
n 1


n b 8
(C)  n  89 (D) bn = n + n for all n  1
10
n 1

64. Let AP (a; d) denote the set of all the terms of an infinte arithmetic progression with first term a and
common difference d > 0. If AP(1 ; )  AP(2; 5)  AP(3; 7) = AP (a; d) then a + d equals ___
[JEE Adv. 2019]
65. k
The greatest positive integer k, for which 49 + 1 is a factor of the sum
49125 + 49124 + ......+ 492 + 49 + 1, is : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 32 (B) 60 (C) 65 (D) 63

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
66. Five numbers are in A.P., whose sum is 25 and product is 2520. If one of these five numbers is –1/2 ,
then the greatest number amongst them is : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 16 (B) 27 (C) 7 (D) 21/2

67. If the sum of the first 40 terms of the series, 3 + 4 + 8 + 9 + 13 + 14 + 18 + 19 + .... is (102)m, then m
is equal to : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 10 (B) 25 (C) 5 (D) 20

9
68. Let a1, a2, a3, ... be a G. P. such that a1 < 0, a1 + a2 = 4 and a3 + a4 =16. If  ai = 4, then is equal
i 1
to : [JEE (Main) 2020]
511
(A) 171 (B) (C) –171 (D) –513
3
69. Let X = {n  N : 1 n}. If A = {n  X : n is a multiple of 2} and B = {n  X : n is a
multiple of 7}, then the number of elements in the smallest subset of X containing both A and B is
_______. [JEE (Main) 2020]

70. Let f : R  R be such that for all x R (21 + x + 21 – x), f(x) and (3x + 3–x) are in A.P., then the minimum
value of f(x) is : [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2
20
71. The sum  (1  2  3  ......  k) is _____. [JEE (Main) 2020]
k 1

72. If the 10th term of an A. P. is 1/20 and its 20th term is 1/10, then the sum of its first 200 terms is :
[JEE (Main) 2020]
1 1
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 50 (D) 100
4 2

7
n  n  1 2n  1
73. The sum, 
n 1 4
is equal to________. [JEE (Main) 2020]

1 1 1 1
....
74. The product 4 16 48
2 .4 .8 .16128 to is equal to : [JEE (Main) 2020]
1 1
(A) 24 (B) 2 (C) 22 (D) 1
 
n 2n 
75. If x =  (1) tan2n  and y =  cos  , for 0 <  , then : [JEE (Main) 2020]
n 0 n 0 4
(A) y(1 + x) = 1 (B) x(1 – y) = 1 (C) y(1 – x) = 1 (D) x(1 + y) = 1

100 100 200

76. Let an be the nth term of a G. P. of positive terms. If  a 2 n 1 =200 and a 2n = 100, then a n is
n 1 n 1 n 1

equal to : [JEE (Main) 2020]

(A) 300 (B) 175 (C) 225 (D) 150

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77. The number of terms common to the two A.P.'s 3,7,11,.....,407 and 2,9,16, ......, 709 is ________.
[JEE (Main) 2020]

78. The sum of the first three terms of a G.P. is S and their product is 27. Then all such S lie in :
[JEE (Main) 2020]
(A)  , 9   3,   (B)  3,   (C)  ,9 (D)  , 3   9,  

79. If |x| < 1,|y| < 1 and x  y, then the sum to infinity of the following series
(x + y) + (x2 + xy + y2) + (x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3) +.... is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
x  y  xy x  y  xy x  y  xy x  y  xy
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  x 1  y  1  x 1  y  1  x 1  y  1  x 1  y 

80. If the sum of first 11 terms of an A.P., a1, a2, a3, .... is 0( a1  0 ) then the sum of the A.P., a1, a3, a5, ..., a23
is ka1, where k is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
121 72 72 121
(A)  (B)  (C) (D)
10 5 5 10

81. Let S be the sum of the first 9 terms of the series :

{x + ka} + {x2 + (k + 2)a} + {x3 + (k + 4)a} + {x4 + (k + 6)a} +... where a  0 and a  1.
x10  x  45a(x  1)
If S  , then k is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
x 1
(A) 3 (B) –3 (C) 1 (D) –5

1 1 1 
log 2.5   2  2 ..........to  
82. The value of  0.16  3 3 3  is equal to............... [JEE (Main) 2020]

3 1 4
83. If the sum of the series 20  19  19  18  ... upto nth term is 488 and the nth term is negative, then:
5 5 5
[JEE (Main) 2020]
2
(A) n = 60 (B) n = 41 (C) nth term is –4 (D) nth term is 4
5

84. If m arithmetic means (A.Ms) and three geometric means (G.Ms) are inserted between 3 and 243 such
that 4th A.M. is equal to 2nd G.M., then m is equal to___ [JEE (Main) 2020]

85. If 1 + (1 – 22.1) + (1 – 42.3) + (1– 62.5) +......+ (1 – 202.19) =  – 220 , then an ordered pair
() is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) (10, 97) (B) (11, 103) (C) (11, 97) (D) (10, 103)

86. Let and  be the roots of x2 – 3x + p = 0 and  and  be the roots of x2 – 6x + q = 0. If 
form a geometric progression.Then ratio (2q + p) : (2q – p) is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 33 : 31 (B) 9 : 7 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 5 : 3

87. Let a1, a2, ..., an be a given A.P. whose common difference is an integer and Sn= a1+ a2+ .... + an.
If a1=1, an=300 and 15 n  50, then the ordered pair (Sn – 4, an – 4) is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) (2480, 248) (B) (2480, 249) (C) (2490, 249) (D) (2490, 248)

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
88. If 210 + 29.31 + 28.32 +.....+ 2.39 + 310 = S – 211, then S is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
311 10
(A) 3 11
(B) 2 (C) 2.311 (D) 311 – 212
2

89. If 32 sin2–1, 14 and 34 – 2 sin2are the first three terms of an A.P. for some , then the sixth terms of this A.P.
is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 65 (B) 81 (C) 78 (D) 66

90. If the sum of the second, third and fourth terms of a positive term G.P. is 3 and the sum of its sixth,
saventh and eighth terms is 243, then the sum of the first 50 terms of this G.P. is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
2 50 1 49 1 50 1 50
(A)
13
 3  1 (B)
26
 3  1 (C)
13
 3  1 (D)
26
 3  1

91. Let a, b, c, d and p be any non zero distinct real numbers such that
(a2 + b2 + c2)p2 – 2(ab + bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 + d2) = 0. Then: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) a, c, p are in G.P. (B) a, b, c, d are in G.P.
(C) a, b, c, d are in A.P. (D) a, c, p are in A.P.

92. The common difference of the A.P. b1, b2,..... bm is 2 more than the common difference of A.P.
a1, a2, ...an. If a40 =–159, a100=–399 and b100=a70, then b1 is equal to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) –127 (B) 81 (C) 127 (D) –81

93. If the sum of the first 20 terms of the series log 71/2 x  log 71/3 x  log 71/ 4 x  ... is 460, then x is equal
     
to: [JEE (Main) 2020]
(A) 71/2 (B) 72 (C) e2 (D) 746/21

94. If the first term of an A.P. is 3 and the sum of its first 25 terms is equal to the sum of its next 15 terms, then
the common difference of this A.P. is: [JEE (Main) 2020]
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 5 4 7

95. Let m be the minimum possible value of log 3  3y1  3y2  3y3  , where y1, y2, y3 are real numbers
for which y1 + y2 + y3= 9. Let M be the maximum possible value of (log3 x1 + log3 x2 + log3 x3), where
x1, x2, x3 are positive real numbers for which x1 + x2 + x3 = 9. Then the value of log2(m3) + log3(M2)
is____ [JEE Adv. 2020]
96. Let a1, a2, a3,..... be a sequence of positive integers in arithmetic progression with common
difference 2. Also, let b1, b2, b3,..... be a sequence of positive integers in geometric progression with
common ratio 2. If a1 = b1 = c, then the number of all possible values of c, for which the equality
2(a1 + a2 + ....... + an) = b1 + b2 + ........+bn holds for some positive integer n, is____
[JEE Adv. 2020]

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
ANSWER KEY
SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
4. 14, 9, 4 or 4, 9, 14 5. 5, 10, 15, 20 6. 33
7. 1:2 9. 5049 10. 1071

PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. 70336 2. 900 3. 1/5 4. 7, 11, 15
5. 5 6. 14 8. 2 9. (i) 54 (ii) 18
10. 4, 12, 36

PROFICIENCY TEST-03
1. 512 2. 2± 3 3. 6 5. 2184
2 10 n 
6.  (10  1)  n  9. 64 and 4
9 9 

PROFICIENCY TEST-04
n(n  1)(n  2)
1. –1 2. 40, 10 3. x = 1/5 4.
6
n3  n2
5. 6. 3  2n – 2n – 3 10. 80
2

PROFICIENCY TEST-05
5 1
1. 3/16 2. 4. a = –1/4, b = 1 or a = 1/12, b = 19
2
5. 2 6. 3 9. 2

ELEMENTARY EXERCISE - IV(A)

1 n(10  n)
1. 277 2. 153 3. 0 4.
2 3
5. 30 6. –42 7. –185 8. 1325 3
21
9. 75 5 10. 820a – 1680b 11. n(n + 1)a – n2b 12. (11a  9b)
2
1 3 1 1
13.  ,  ,......, 9 14. 1, 1 ,...., 39 15. –33x, –31x, ..., x
4 4 4 2
2 2
16. x – x + 1, x – 2x + 2, ...., x 17. n2 18. 3
19. 5 20. 612 21. 4, 9, 14 22. 1, 4, 7
p(p  1) n2
23. 495 24. 160 25.  pb 26. n(n  1)a 
2a a

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
ELEMENTARY EXERCISE - IV(B)
1. 10 or –8 2. 8 or –13 3. 2, 5, 8,......
1
4. First term 8, number of terms 59. 5. First term 7 , number of terms 54.
2
6. Instalments £51, £53, £55,...... 7. 12 8. 25
n
9. (2  n  3· x ) 10. n2 12. – (p + q)
2(1  x)
13. 3, 5, 7, 9 [Assume for the numbrs a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d] 14. 2, 4, 6, 8
15. p + q – m 16. 12 or – 17 17. 6r – 1 20. 10p – 8
1 1
21. 8 terms. Series 1 , 3, 4 ,...... 22. 3, 5, 7; 4, 5, 6 23. ry = (n + 1 – r)x
2 2

ELEMENTARY EXERCISE - V(A)

2059 1281 1
1. 2. 3. 191 4. –682
1458 512 4
2n
1093 1 p 9   4  
5. 6. (5  1) 7. 1     8. 364  3  1
45 4 7   3  
1 463 3 2 16
9.  585 2  292  10.  11. , 1, 12. , 8, ....., 27
2 192 2 3 3
7 7 64 27
13. 7, ,....., 14. 15. 16. ·999
2 32 65 58
1 33  3 
17. 18. 19. 7  7  42  20. 2
2 2
21. 16, 24, 36, ..... 22. 2 23. 2 24. 8, 12, 18
1
25. 2, 6, 18 28. 6, –3, 1 , ......
2

ELEMENTARY EXERCISE - V(B)

1 an na n 8 1 x 1 n
1.  2. 3. 4. 4 
(1  a)2 1  a 3 (1  x)2 2 n 2
2n 1
1 1
5. 6 6. 9. 10. 40, 20, 10
(1  x)3 (1  r)(1  br)

1 x(x n  1) n(n  1)a x 2 (x 2n  1) xy(x n y n  1)

11. 4,1, ,..... 12.  13. 
4 x 1 2 x 2 1 xy  1

2 1  1 23
14. 4p 2 a   1  2p  15. 1 16. 19. n.2 n  2  2 n 1  2
9 2  8 48

(1  a)(a n c n  1) a  r(r 2n  1) 
20. 21. r  1  r 2  1  n 
ac  1  

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ELEMENTARY EXERCISE - VI(A)

1 29 1 6 2 2 2 2
1. (1) 5; (2) 3 ; (3) 3 2. 6 ,7 3. , , ,
2 32 9 7 5 7 9 11
4. 6 and 24 5. 4 : 9 10. n2(n + 1)

1 1
11. n(n  1)(n 2  n  3) 12. n(n  1)(2n  7)
4 6

1 1 n 1
13. n(n  1)(n 2  3n  1) 14. (3  1)  2n 1
2 2

15. 4n 1  4  n(n  1)(n 2  n  1)

18. The nth term = b + c(2n – 1), for all values of n greater than 1.
The first term is a + b + c; the other terms form the A.P. b + 3c, b + 5c, b + 7c, .......
19. n4

n  n(n  1) 2 
20. (2a  n  1d) a 2  (n  1)ad  d 
2  2 

EXERCISE–I

1. (14n  6)/(8n + 23) 3. (a) 9 ; (b) 12 5. n = 14

7. – 180 8. 27 9. (8 ,  4 , 2 , 8)

1 1 1 545 11
10. (a) a = – , b = – ; (b) – ; (c) 11.
2 8 3 2 15

n ( 2n  1)(4n  1)
12. a = 5 , b = 8 , c = 12 14.  1 15. n2
3

16. (i) 2n+1  3; 2n+2  4  3n (ii) n² + 4n + 1; (1/6) n (n + 1) (2n + 13) + n

17. (i) sn = (1/24)  [1/{6(3n + 1) (3n + 4) }] ; s = 1/24

(ii) (1/5) n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (n + 4)
(iii) n/(2n + 1)

 1 1.3.5.....(2n  1)(2n  1) 
(iv) Sn = 2   ; S = 1
2 2.4.6......(2n )(2n  2) 

n (n  1)
18. 19. 8281 20. n = 2000
2(n 2  n  1)
21. 1 23. 6, 3 24. 120, 30 25. 128

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
EXERCISE–II

5 1 27
1. ; 2 2. 3. 23 4. 518
2 2
5. 200 6. 2p3 – 9pq + 27r = 0; roots are 1, 4, 7
7. (iii) b = 4, c = 6, d = 9 or b =  2, c =  6, d =  18
1
8. f (x) = [1 – cos x]; S = 5050 9. 8 problems , 127.5 minutes
2

11. 28 12. 4950 13. 10 14. 2499

1 1
15. (a) a = 1 , b = 9 OR b = 1 , a = 9 ; (b) a = 1 ; b = 3 or vice versa 16.  ; –
3 27
17. C = 9 ; (3, 3/2 , 3/5)
19. n = 38 20. 931

EXERCISE–III
1. (a) B (b) D
2. If r = 1/3 ; n = 4 ; a = 108 ; If r = –1/3 then a = 216
3. (a) D (b) A 4. A=3 ; B=8 5. A.P.
6. x = 2 2 and y = 3
1
7.  
(a) A, (b) C, (c) D , (d)  A1 , A2 ,............ An   H1, H2 ,............ H n  2n

8. (a) D 10. B 12. (a) C, (b) n = 7

13. n0 = 5 14. (a) B; (b) D; (c) B 15. (a) C; (b) A; (c) B
16. (a) B, D; (b) C 17. 3 18. 0 19. 9 or 3 20. 8
21. D 22. D 23. A, D 24. A 25. A
26. D 27. 4 28. C 29. C 30. 9
31. B 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. 6
36. C 37. D 38. 3748 39. A 40. C
41. A 42. B 43. B 44. B 45. B
46. D 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. A
51. B 52. D 53. D 54. A 55. B
56. C 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. A
61. D 62. B 63. A, B, D 64. 157 65. D
66. A 67. D 68. C 69. 29 70. C
71. 1540 72. D 73. 504 74. C 75. C
76. D 77. 14 78. D 79. B 80. B
81. B 82. 4 83. C 84. 39 85. B
86. B 87. D 88. A 89. D 90. D
91. B 92. D 93. B 94. A 95. 8.00
96. 1.00

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series

QUESTION BANK
[STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE]
ba bc
Q.1 If a, b, c are distinct positive real in H.P., then the value of the expression, + is equal to
ba bc
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

1 1 1
Q.2 The sum to infinity of the series + + +...... is equal to :
1 1 2 1 2  3
(A) 2 (B) 5/2 (C) 3 (D) none of these

FG  (a  x)IJ = 0 then, which of the following holds good?

Q.3 Given a2 + 2a + cosec2 H2 K
x x
(A) a = 1 ; I (B) a = –1 ; I
2 2
(C) a  R ; x  (D) a , x are finite but not possible to find
Q.4 Along a road lies an odd number of stones placed at intervals of 10 m. These stones have to be assembled
around the middle stone. A person can carry only one stone at a time. A man carried out the job starting
with the stone in the middle, carrying stones in succession, thereby covering a distance of 4.8 km. Then
the number of stones is
(A) 15 (B) 29 (C) 31 (D) 35

Q.5 If S = 12 + 32 + 52 + ....... + (99)2 then the value of the sum 22 + 42 + 62 + ....... + (100)2 is
(A) S + 2550 (B) 2S (C) 4S (D) S + 5050

Q.6 In an A.P. with first term 'a' and the common difference d (a, d  0), the ratio ' ' of the sum of the first
a
n terms to sum of n terms succeeding them does not depend on n. Then the ratio and the ratio ' ',
d
respectively are
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) , (B) 2, (C) , (D) ,2
2 4 3 2 3 2

Q.7 The arithmetic mean of the nine numbers in the given set {9, 99, 999, ....... 999999999} is a 9 digit
number N, all whose digits are distinct. The number N does not contain the digit
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 9

Q.8 If for an A.P. a1 , a2 , a3 ,.... , an ,.... a1 + a3 + a5 = – 12 and a1 a2 a3 = 8,

then the value of a2 + a4 + a6 equals
(A) – 12 (B) – 16 (C) – 18 (D) – 21

360  
1
Q.9   k  is the ratio of two relative prime positive integers m and n. The value of
k  1  (k  1) k 
k 1 
(m + n) is equal to
(A) 43 (B) 41 (C) 39 (D) 37

Q.10 If x  R, the numbers (51+x + 51  x), a/2, (25x + 25–x) form an A.P. then 'a' must lie in the interval
(A) [1, 5] (B) [2, 5] (C) [5, 12] (D) [12, )

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Q.11 If the sum of the first 11 terms of an arithmetical progression equals that of the first 19 terms, then the sum
of its first 30 terms, is
(A) equal to 0 (B) equal to – 1 (C) equal to 1 (D) non unique

Q.12 Let s1 , s2 , s3 ....... and t1 , t2 , t3 ....... are two arithmetic sequences such that s1 = t1  0; s2 = 2t2 and
10 15 s 2  s1
 si =  t i . Then the value of t 2  t1 is
i 1 i 1
(A) 8/3 (B) 3/2 (C) 19/8 (D) 2

Q.13 Let an, n  N is an A.P. with common difference 'd' and all whose terms are non-zero. If n approaches
1 1 1
infinity, then the sum   ......  will approach
a 1a 2 a 2 a 3 a n a n 1
1 2 1
(A) a d (B) a d (C) 2a d (D) a1d
1 1 1

Q.14 The sum of the first three terms of an increasing G.P. is 21 and the sum of their squares is 189. Then the
sum of its first n terms is
 1   1 
(A) 3 (2n – 1) (B) 12 1  n  (C) 6 1  n  (D) 6 (2n – 1)
 2   2 


 n 
Q.15 The sum   n 4  4  is equal to
n 1
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/3 (C) 3/8 (D) 1/2

 
Q.16 If a  1 and ln a2 + (ln a2)2 + (ln a2)3 + ..... = 3 ln a  (ln a ) 2  (ln a ) 3  (ln a ) 4  ....... then 'a' is equal to
(A) e1/5 (B) e (C) 3
e (D) 4
e

1 1. 3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7
Q.17     ................ is equal to
2.4 2.4.6 2.4.6.8 2.4.6.8.10
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
4 3 2

100
k
Q.18 The sum  4 2 is equal to
k 1 k  k  1

4950 5050 5151

(A) (B) (C) (D) none
10101 10101 10101

Q.19 A circle of radius r is inscribed in a square. The mid points of sides of the square have been connected by
line segment and a new square resulted. The sides of the resulting square were also connected by
segments so that a new square was obtained and so on, then the radius of the circle inscribed in the nth
square is
 1 n   33n   n    5 3n 
2 2 2 2
(A)  2  r (B)  2 r (C)  2  r (D)  2 r
       
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Q.20 If abcd = 1 where a, b, c, d are positive reals then the minimum value of
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd is
(A) 6 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 20

Q.21 A sequence of equilateral triangles is drawn. The altitude of each is 3 times the altitude of the preceding
triangle, the difference between the area of the first triangle and the sixth triangle is 968 3 square unit.
The perimeter of the first triangle is
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 18

Q.22 If a, b and c are three consecutive positive terms of a G.P. then the graph of y = ax2 + bx + c is
(A) a curve that intersects the x-axis at two distinct points.
(B) entirely below the x-axis.
(C) entirely above the x-axis.
(D) tangent to the x-axis.

n
 k2
Q.23 For which positive integers n is the ratio, k 1 an integer?
n
k
k 1

(A) odd n only (B) even n only

(C) n = 1 + 6k only, where k  0 and k  I (D) n = 1 + 3k, integer k  0

[REASONING TYPE]
1 1 1
Q.24 Statement-1: If 27 abc  (a + b + c)3 and 3a + 4b + 5c = 12 then 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 ; where a,
a b c
b, c are positive real numbers.
Statement-2: For positive real numbers A.M.  G.M.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

Q.25 Statement-1: The difference between the sum of the first 100 even natural numbers and the sum of the
first 100 odd natural numbers is 100.
because
Statement-2: The difference between the sum of the first n even natural numbers and sum of the first
n odd natural numbers is n.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Sequence & Series
[COMPREHENSION TYPE]
Paragraph for Question Nos. 26 to 28
Let am (m = 1, 2, .......,p) be the possible integral values of a for which the graphs of
f (x) = ax2 + 2bx + b and g (x) = 5x2 – 3bx – a meets at some point for all real values of b.
p n
Let tr =  (r  a m ) and Sn =  t r , n  N.
m 1 r 1
Q.26 The minimum possible value of a is
1 5 3 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 26 38 43
Q.27 The sum of values of n for which Sn vanishes is
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 15

1
Q.28 The value of  is equal to
r 5 t r
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 6 15 18

[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]

Q.29 Let a1, a2, a3 ....... and b1, b2, b3 ...... be arithmetic progressions such that a1 = 25, b1 = 75 and
a100 + b100 = 100. Then
(A) the difference between successive terms in progression 'a' is opposite of the difference in progression 'b'.
(B) an + bn = 100 for any n.
(C) (a1 + b1), (a2 + b2), (a3 + b3), ....... are in A.P.
100
(D)  (a r  br ) = 10000
r 1

y
Q.30 If sin(x  y), sin x and sin (x + y) are in H.P., then sin x. sec =
2
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) – 2 (D) – 2

Q.31 The sum of the first three terms of the G.P. in which the difference between the second and the first term
is 6 and the difference between the fourth and the third term is 54, is
(A) 39 (B)  10.5 (C) 27 (D)  27
Q.32 If the roots of the equation, x3 + px2 + qx – 1 = 0 form an increasing G.P. where p and q are real, then
(A) p + q = 0 (B) p  (– 3, )
one root is smaller than 1
(C) one of the roots is unity (D) and one root is greater than 1.

Q.33 If the triplets log a, log b, log c and (log a – log 2b), (log 2b – log 3c), (log 3c – log a) are in arithmetic
progression then
(A) 18(a + b + c)2 = 18(a2 + b2 + c2) + ab (B) a, b, c are in G.P.
(C) a, 2b, 3c are in H.P. (D) a, b, c can be the lengths of the sides of a triangle
(Assume all logarithmic terms to be defined)

Q.34 x1 , x2 are the roots of the equation x2 – 3x + A = 0; x3 , x4 are roots of the equation
x2 – 12x + B = 0, such that x1, x2, x3, x4 form an increasing G.P., then
(A) A = 2 (B) B = 32 (C) x1 + x3 = 5 (D) x2 + x4 = 10

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ANSWER KEY
Q.1 B Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 D
Q.6 C Q.7 A Q.8 D Q.9 D Q.10 D
Q.11 A Q.12 C Q.13 A Q.14 A Q.15 C
Q.16 D Q.17 C Q.18 B Q.19 A Q.20 B
Q.21 B Q.22 C Q.23 D Q.24 D Q.25 A
Q.26 B Q.27 C Q.28 D Q.29 ABCD Q.30 BC
Q.31 AB Q.32 ACD Q.33 BD Q.34 ABCD

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