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KEEPING A READING JOURNAL - A Reading Journal Is Similar To Keeping A Diary, Except You Are Writing

The document discusses different types of claims that can be made in writing: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. It provides examples to illustrate each type of claim. Claims of fact make quantifiable or measurable assertions that are supported by evidence or data. Claims of value make judgments about moral, philosophical, or aesthetic topics based on standards. Claims of policy suggest specific actions that should be taken to solve problems. The document also discusses techniques for developing critical reading skills like keeping a reading journal, annotating texts, outlining, summarizing, questioning texts, and distinguishing explicit from implicit information.

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377 views

KEEPING A READING JOURNAL - A Reading Journal Is Similar To Keeping A Diary, Except You Are Writing

The document discusses different types of claims that can be made in writing: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. It provides examples to illustrate each type of claim. Claims of fact make quantifiable or measurable assertions that are supported by evidence or data. Claims of value make judgments about moral, philosophical, or aesthetic topics based on standards. Claims of policy suggest specific actions that should be taken to solve problems. The document also discusses techniques for developing critical reading skills like keeping a reading journal, annotating texts, outlining, summarizing, questioning texts, and distinguishing explicit from implicit information.

Uploaded by

Kasnha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reviewer for Reading and Writing

Types of Claim

Claims of Fact
Claims of Value
Claims of Policy

Claims of FACT - State a quantifiable assertion, or a measurable topic. They assert that something
has existed, exist or will exist based of data. They rely on reliable sources or systematic procedures
to be validated; this is what makes them different from inferences.

Claims of Value - Assert something that can be qualified. They consist of arguments about moral,
philosophical, or aesthetic. These types of topics try to prove that some value is more or less
desirable compared to others. They make judgments, based on certain standards, on whether
something is right or wrong, good or bad, or something similar.

Claims of Policy - the specific actions should be chosen as solutions to a particular problem. You
can easily identify claim of policy because they begin with “should”, “ought to” or “must”. Claims of
policy because they defend actionable plans, usually answer “how” questions.

Examples

• National strength can only be built on character. – THIS IS A CLAIM OF VALUE, BECAUSE IT
CONTAINS AN ARGUMENT ABOUT A TOPIC WHICH IS MORALITY AND CHARACTER

• The Filipinos of the past became strong-willed, earnest and adventurous by necessity; they
had to brave the seas clear the forest and towns and cities upon the wilderness in order to
establish communities. – THIS A CLAIM OF FACT, BECAUSE OF HISTORICAL DATA FOR
SUPPORT.

• To ensure the accomplishment of this task of national spiritual reconstruction, we shall


formulate and adopt a social code that can be explained in the schools, preached from the
pulpits and taught in the streets and plazas and in the remotest corners of our land. – THIS IS
A CLAIM OF POLICY, BECAUSE IT SUGGESTS THE SOCIAL CODE AS THE SOLUTION TO A
PROBLEM AND THERE ARE ACTIONS THAT NEED TO BE TAKEN.

• Teachers are in the best position to inculcate this social code in the youth because they are
in the must contact with them during their formative years at school. – CLAIM OF FACT,
BECAUSE IT MAKES A STATEMENT BASED ON A COMMON OBSERVATION ABOUT THE ROLE
OF THE TEACHERS.

Techniques to develop Critical Reading Skills:

 KEEPING A READING JOURNAL - A reading journal is similar to keeping a diary, except you are writing
your feelings and ideas in reaction to your reading assignment.

• ANNOTATING THE TEXT - Making notes on your copy of the reading.


• OUTLINING THE TEXT - By locating the thesis statement, claims, and evidence, and then plotting these
into an outline, you can see how the writer structures, sequences, and connects his or her ideas.

• SUMMARIZING THE TEXT - Summarizing the text is similar to outlining, in that you need to get the
gist. A summary consist of getting the main points of the essay and important supporting details.

• QUESTIONING THE TEXT - Questioning the text involves asking specific questions on points that you
are skeptical about.

DETERMINING EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT INFORMATION

Critical reading also means that you are able to distinguish the information that is clearly stated
(explicit) in the text from ideas that are suggested (implicit) . This will help you make inferences
about what you read.

Example:

The Grasshopper laughed at the Ant and said “STOP your silly work and have fun with me”. “No”, said
the Ant. I am gathering food for winter, you must do that too.

“Ha ha ha! Right now, I have plenty to eat. Why should I worry now?” laughed the Grasshopper.

Explicit Information: The Grasshopper laughed at the Ant

Implicit Information: I think that the Grasshopper is lazy because it doesn’t want to go to work.

Defining Claims

Knowing how to identify explicit and implicit information will help you in one of the most important
skill needed in critical reading: evaluating the claims made by an author.

Characteristic of good claims:

1. a claim should be argumentative and debatable.


2. A claim should be specific and focused.
3. A claim should be interesting and engaging.
4. A claim should be logical.

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