C2 Logarithms & Exponential Functions 5 QP
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Ma JaniceC2 Logarithms & Exponential Functions 5 QP
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Ma Janice1 Answer part (ii) of this question on the insert provided.
The proposal for a major building project was accepted, but actual construction was delayed. Each
year a new estimate of the cost was made. The table shows the estimated cost, £y million, of the
project t years after the project was first accepted.
Years after proposal accepted (t) 1 2 3 4 5
Cost (£y million) 250 300 360 440 530
The relationship between y and t is modelled by y = abt , where a and b are constants.
(i) Show that y = abt may be written as
log10 y = log10 a + t log10 b. [2]
(ii) On the insert, complete the table and plot log10 y against t, drawing by eye a line of best fit. [3]
(iii) Use your graph and the results of part (i) to find the values of log10 a and log10 b and hence a
and b. [4]
(iv) According to this model, what was the estimated cost of the project when it was first accepted?
[1]
(v) Find the value of t given by this model when the estimated cost is £1000 million. Give your
answer rounded to 1 decimal place. [2]
5
2 (i) Find ∑ 2k . [2]
k=2
(ii) Find the value of n for which 2n = 1
64
. [1]
(iii) Sketch the curve with equation y = 2x . [2]
3 You are given that log10 y = 3x + 2.
(i) Find the value of x when y = 500, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places. [1]
(ii) Find the value of y when x = −1. [1]
(iii) Express log10 (y4 ) in terms of x. [1]
(iv) Find an expression for y in terms of x. [1]
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Ê 1ˆ
4 (i) Express log a x 4 + log a as a multiple of log a x. [2]
Ë x¯
(ii) Given that log 10 b log 10 c 3, find b in terms of c. [2]
5 Answer part (ii) of this question on the insert provided.
The table gives a firm’s monthly profits for the first few months after the start of its business,
rounded to the nearest £100.
Number of months after start-up (x) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Profit for this month (£y) 500 800 1200 1900 3000 4800
The firm’s profits, £y, for the xth month after start-up are modelled by
y k 10 ax
where a and k are constants.
(i) Show that, according to this model, a graph of log 10 y against x gives a straight line of gradient
a and intercept log 10 k. [2]
(ii) On the insert, complete the table and plot log 10 y against x, drawing by eye a line of best fit.
[3]
(iii) Use your graph to find an equation for y in terms of x for this model. [3]
(iv) For which month after start-up does this model predict profits of about £75 000? [3]
(v) State one way in which this model is unrealistic. [1]
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6
log10 y
(4, 5)
Not to
3 scale
O x
Fig. 9
The graph of log10 y against x is a straight line as shown in Fig. 9.
(i) Find the equation for log10 y in terms of x. [3]
(ii) Find the equation for y in terms of x. [2]
7 (i) Granny gives Simon £5 on his 1st birthday. On each successive birthday, she gives him £2
more than she did the previous year.
(A) How much does she give him on his 10th birthday? [2]
(B) How old is he when she gives him £51? [2]
(C) How much has she given him in total when he has had his 20th birthday present? [2]
(ii) Grandpa gives Simon £5 on his 1st birthday and increases the amount by 10% each year.
(A) How much does he give Simon on his 10th birthday? [2]
(B) Simon first gets a present of over £50 from Grandpa on his nth birthday. Show that
1
n 1.
log10 1.1
Find the value of n. [5]
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