Senior High School General Physics 1 Quarter 1 — Module 4: Newton's Laws of Motion and Applications DepeD @14, How much force does the car applied to the bug? a. 50N b. 75.N c. 100N d. 200 N 15. How much force does the bug applied to the car? a. 50N b. 75N c. 100N d. 200 N Newton’s 1* and 2™ Law So far we have discussed and described different types of motion like uniform motion and accelerated motion. But why do things move in the first place? Why do some things move faster than the other? Why are some accelerated and other are not? Sir Isaac Newton was credited of having been the first to formulate laws governing all motions. These laws are appropriately named Newton's laws of motion. The first two laws will be discussed deeply in this lesson. G2) What’s In Picture Analysis Look closely at the picture on the next page, and try to answer the set of questions given by the teachers He Questions: 1. If the truck gives a 200 N of force, how much force does the boy exert to the truck? 2. How about if the elephant gives 100 N of force, how much force does the boy exert to the elephant? 16Ww What’s New Activity 1, Newton’s First and Second Law Videos The teacher will show or give a copy of a Video entitled “Action Reaction” found and downloaded in Youtube. Or you can see the video for Newton’s First Law using the link https:/ /www youtube.com /watch?v=-LEHR8YQNm_Q Or you can see the video for Newton’s Second Law using the link https:/ /www-.youtube.com/watch?v=8YhYqN9BwB4 Processing Questions After watching the video, the students should answer the following questions: 1. What does Newton’s First Law states? 2. What does Newton's Second Law State? 3. What is the formula for Newton’s second law? Pp What is It Key Concepts, and Equations Concept Discussion Newton’s First Law of ‘= Newton’s First Law of Motion is also called “Law of Motion Inertia” © Itstates that “a body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will continue to move with constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force” + Ifa point particle is acted on by zero net external force, then it is in equilibrium. ‘+ Inertia is the property of a body that tends to resist change in its state of motion. The greater the mass, the greater the inertia, Newton's Second Law of | Newton’s Second Law of Motion is also called “Law of Motion Acceleration”. 17It states that “Acceleration of the body is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it, and inversely proportional to the mass of the body”. Mathematically; ‘The SI unit of force is newton (N). @ force of 1 N is the force that will give a 1 kg body an acceleration of 1 m/s?. A smaller unit of force is the dyne. A force of 1 dyne will give a body of 1 g an acceleration of 1 cm/s? Only external forces acting on an object affect the motion of the object. Newton’s second law is obeyed only in IRF’s Mass and Weight Mass is a measure of object's inertia. It is a scalar quantity. Objects with more mass will accelerate less; and vice — versa, Mass is independent of location. The mass of an object will be the same whether it is on the earth’s surface or in the moon’s surface. ‘The SI unit of mass is kilogram (kg) Weight is a force on an object due to gravity. It is a vector quantity. Mathematically; w= mg where: w = weight g = gravity of the location Weight is dependent on the object’s location, specifically those with different value in gravity. ‘The unit of weight is the same unit for force, newton (N). 18A 2 Bic] What’s More Solve the following problems: Problem 3.1 Avehicle with a mass of 120 kg is moving with an acceleration of 12 m/s?, what is. the acceleration of the car? Problem 3.2 An astronaut weighs 931 N here on Earth. Find the following: a. What is his mass on Earth? b, What is his mass on the surface of the moon? c. What is his weight on the surface of the moon? (Hint: the acceleration due to gravity on moon is 1/6 of Earth or equal to 1.62 m/s?) Problem 3.3 A certain force accelerates a 3.2 kg mass by a 2.4 m/s’, What would be the acceleration of a 1.6 kg mass when the same force acts on it? Problem 3.4 A boy is running with an acceleration of 1.5 m/s?, find the mass of the boy if the force exerted is 45 N. What I Have Learned Directions: Complete the sentence by putting in the correct words (for items 1 to 3) on the space provided. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. “A body at rest will move with constant external force” 4. The SI unit for mass is at rest and a body in motion will continue to unless acted upon by an 5. Weight is to the location of the object. 1920 WhatICan Do To Note: This aactivity can be done at a later time, Directions: Find a weighing scale (if not available, consider your latest mass value] and answer the following questions: a. What is your weight as of today? b. Ifyou go to America tomorrow, what will be your mass and weight there? Explain. c. If somehow, you will be an astronaut and be at the moon, what will be your weight having the same mass as of today? Assessment Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Newton's First Law is also called as? a. Law of Inertia c. Law of Action — Reaction b. Law of Acceleration d. Law of Interaction 2. Newton’s Second Law is also known as? a. Law of Inertia c. Law of Action — Reaction b. Law of Acceleration d. Law of Interaction 3. What is the difference between mass and weight? a. Mass is consider a vector, while weight is a scalar b. Mass is a scalar, while weight is a vector c. Mass unit is Newton while weight is kg d. There is no difference between them, they can actually be used interchangeably 4. This is the smaller unit for force. a. Newton b. kg cm/s? d. dyne 5. The tendency of a body to resist motion. a. Acceleration b. Force c, Inertia d. Weight 20For numbers 6 - 9, please refer to the problem below “A 15 000 kg train is traveling with an acceleration of 45m/s2, find the value of the force exerted by the train” 6. What is the mass of the train? a. 45 m/s? b. 15 000 kg c. 6.75x105 N d. 3.33x102 N 7. What is the acceleration of the train? a. 45 m/s? b. 15 000 kg c. 6.75x105 N d. 3.33x102 N 8. What is the force exerted by the train? a. 24 m/s? b. 15 000 kg c. 6.75x105 N d, 3.33x102.N 9. Consider that a second train with the same amount of force has been applied to a 12 000 kg train, what will be the acceleration of the second train? a. 53 m/s? b. 54 m/s? c. 55 m/s? d. 56 m/s? For numbers 10-11, please refer to the diagram: 10. The RED arrow represents what kind of force? a. Friction b. Normal Force —_c. Weight d. Tension 11. Referring with the same diagram, the BLUE arrow represent what kind of force? a, Friction b, Normal Force c. Weight d. Tension 12. What are the two forces acting in this force diagram? Assuming that the pulley is frictionless = a. Normal Force and Weight (©) b. Normal Force and Tension c. Tension and Weight d. Tension and Friction J + For numbers 13 15, please refer to the problem below A group of students riding a bus tends to move with an acceleration of 15 m/s?, if the bus has a total mass of 550 kg and alll the students has a total mass of 350 kg, find the following: 13. Total Mass 14, Force 15, Force (Consider that the bus has no students) 21Friction and Properties of Static Friction and Kinetic Friction It has been said that the human body is a mechanical system designed by God. It consists of coordinating parts that perform different life functions. However, like any machine, the human body is susceptible to friction. Friction causes wear and tear in the joints, making movements difficult. People with arthritis know how painful their knees are after sitting or standing for a long time or by just making a wrong move. What is this friction? We will learn more about it as we progress in this lesson. eR What’s In Picture Analysis Look closely at the picture below, and try to answer the questions given. Force ot Force Of Srovity 1, What are the forces present in the picture? 2. Can you identify the following: a. Normal Force b. Gravity c. Applied Force 3. What is friction? 22Ww What’s New Activity 1, Action - Reaction Video ‘The teacher will show or give a copy of a video entitled “Action Reaction” found and downloaded in Youtube. Or you can watch the video for Friction using the following links hitps:/ /www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2gQs1mcZHA https:/ /www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7NPD9WOkro Processing Questions After watching the video, the students should answer the following questions 1. What is friction? 2. What are the two types of frictions? 3. Differentiate static to kinetic frictions? Pp What is It Key Concepts, and Equations Concept Discussion * Refers to a force that resist motion between material in Friction, contact. ‘+ Friction exist in all types of materials. ‘+ Type of friction between solid surface a. Static friction b. Kinetic friction or sliding friction c. Rolling friction ‘+ Static friction — occurs in cases where friction is sufficient to prevent relative motion between the surfaces. + Kinetic friction — present when there is a relative motion between the surfaces in contact. ‘© Rolling friction — occurs when one surface rotates as it moves over another without sliding nor slipping at the point or area of contact ‘+ Fluid friction (drag force) - refers to the force that resist relative motion of an object through a fluid or of a fluid through another fluid. 23Laws of frictions &. Static friction is greater than kinetic friction in magnitude. b. Friction acts parallel to the surfaces in contact and in a direction oppose motion. Friction cannot produce motion. Its main role is to oppose motion. ¢. Friction is independent to the area of contact and speed of sliding. 4. Friction is proportional to the normal force €. Friction depends on the nature of surfaces in contact and condition of surfaces, that is whether the surfaces are rough, smooth, polished, or wet. Mathematically; Soma = uw Where; finax = Maximum static friction Hs = coefficient of static friction Fy = Normal Force Pe = uF Where; fimax = Kinetic friction Hs coefficient of kinetic friction Fy= Normal Force Coefficient of Friction between Materials Materials Static | Kinetic Materials Static | Kinetic Steel on steel 0.74 | 0.57 _| Tefion on steel 0.04 0.04 ‘Aluminum on steel 0.61_| 0.47 _| Steel on air 0.001_| 0.001 Copper on steel 0.53 | 0. 36 | Rubber on concrete 10 08 Brass on steel 0.51_| 0.44 | Steel on ice 0.03 Zinc on cast iron 0.85 | 0.21 [Tendon and sheath | 0.013 Copper on cast iron 0.29 | Lubricated bone joint | 0.001 | 0.003 Glass on glass 0.94 | 0.40 _| Wood on wood 0.3 Copper on glass 0.68 | 0.53 _| Waxed wood on dry 0.04 Teflon on teflon 0.04 | 0.04 | snow 24A 2 Bic] What’s More Problem 4.1 A wooden object with a weight of 100 N is at rest in a wooden table. Find the maximum static friction between the object and the table (given that 4. = 0.3). Problem 4.2 Inside a motorcycle machine, the wheel and axle are subject to rust and corrosion that is why, mechanics time to time make sure to put some oil and other lubricants. What is the purpose of the oil and lubricants and why? Problem 4.3 What is easier to push, a wooden cabinet in a concrete flooring or a wooden cabinet in a tiled flooring? Problem 4.4 Find the coefficient of friction on an unknown material with a static friction of 15.5 N and a normal force of 200 N. eo What I Have Learned Directions: Complete the sentence by putting in the correct words (for items 1 to 3) on the space provided. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper 1. Static friction is greater than friction in magnitude. 2. Friction acts to the surface in contact and in the direction to oppose motion. 3. Friction is proportional to the force. 25os What I Can Do Activity 4.1: Friction Table Note: This activity can be done at a later time. L Materials: In your house, find the following materials (objects): Table (wood) String (about half a meter} Any wooden block floor wax (or cooking oil) Protractor Procedure I. a. Tie the string to the wooden block b. Put the wooden block to the wooden table, and try to pull the wooden block in three different angle. (120°, 140°, and 160° c. Observe the effect of friction between the wooden block to the wooden table. d. Answer table 1 for your observation. e. Within the area where you slide the block, put a wax or oil in that particular area. £, Repeat procedure b and c g. Answer table 2 for your observation Data Collection Table 1 Table 2 Angle Observation Angle Observation 120° 120° 1409 140° 160° 160° II. Questions 1, What is the difference between the surface with oil and surface without oil? 2. What is the purpose of putting an oil or wax into the wooden surface? 3. Give 3 examples of ways on how to reduce friction. IV. Application 1, Find the Maximum static friction of an unknown material with a static friction coefficient of 12.5 and a normal force of 250 N. 26x Assessment Multiple Choice. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It is a force that resists motion between materials in contact a. Force b. Friction c. Inertia d. Acceleration 2. This is the kind of friction that is present when there is a relative motion between the surfaces in contact. a. Rolling Friction c. Drag Force b. Kinetic Friction d. Static Friction 3. It occurs in cases where friction is sufficient to prevent relative motion between the surfaces. a. Rolling Friction c. Drag Force b. Kinetic Friction d. Static Friction 4. This occurs when one surface rotates as it moves over another without sliding at the point a. Rolling Friction c. Drag Force b. Kinetic Friction 4. Static Friction 5. What force resists relative motion through fluid to another fluid? a. Rolling Friction c. Drag Force b. Kinetic Friction d. Static Friction For numbers 6 to 9, refer to the situation below: “Find the Maximum static friction of an unknown material with a static friction coefficient of 12.5 and a normal force of 250 N” 6. What is the value of the coefficient of static friction? a. 12.5 b. 250N ©. 3125 4.2135 7. What is the normal force? a. 12.5 b. 250 N ©. 3125 4.2135 8. What is the equation to be used in this problem? a Pe=usFw b. Fs = asFy cc. Fe = ukFe d. Py = Pv 279. What will be the value for the maximum static friction between two materials? a. 12.5 b, 250 N ©. 3125 4.2135 For numbers 10-15, please complete the table below: Normal force Friction (Kinetic) | Coefficient of friction 10. 100 N 05 75N 25 N 11 50.N 12. 0.23 13. 90 N 0.45 25N 14. 01 65N 75.N 15. OQ Additional Activities Answer the following briefly: 1. Why do we move our hands up and down several times when comparing the weights of two objects? 2. When you drop a feather and a book at the same time, the book will hit the ground first, while the feather slowly falls to the floor, but if the feather is placed on top of the book and dropped, the feather drops as fast as the book. Why? 3. Why roads are slippery when wet? Solve the following problems: 1. An object has a weight of 490 N here on Earth and 186 N on Mars. a. What is its mass here on Earth? b. What is its mass on Mars? c. What is the acceleration due to gravity on Mars? 2. A100 kgcrate rests on a rough horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction and coefficient of kinetic friction are 0.500 and 0.100, respectively. (a) What is the value of the normal force? (b) What is the value of the maximum static friction? (c) What minimum horizontal force is needed to start motion of the crate? (d) What is the value of kinetic friction? (e) What force is needed to keep the crate moving at constant speed? 28