ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL, RK PURAM, SECUNDERABAD

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (SUBJECT CODE-417)

Class IX
Part-B: Subject Specific Skills NOTES Unit-2: Data Literacy

Data: Raw Facts or Information

Literacy: Ability to read, comprehend, and communicate
1Q. What is Data Literacy?
A: Ability to understand, interpret and communicate with data.

2Q. What are the different parts of Data Pyramid?

A: Data Pyramid is made of different stages of working with data.

Moving up from the bottom

 Data is available in a raw form. Data in this form is not very useful.

 Data is processed to give us information about the world.

 Information about the world leads to knowledge of how things are happening.

 Wisdom allows us to understand why things are happening in a particular way

Data Pyramid with a simple Traffic Light example:
3Q. What is the Impact of Data Literacy
A: It enables individuals to make informed decisions, think critically, solve problems, and
innovate.

4Q. Who is Data literate? How can a data-literate person use filters and user ratings to make an
informed purchase decision online?
A: Data Literate is a person who can interact with data to understand the world around them.
A data literate person can –

 Filter the category as per the requirement – If the budget is low, select the price filter
as low to high

 Check the user ratings of the products

 Check for specific requirements in the product

5Q. What are the key steps involved in implementing a data literacy program effectively?

The data literacy framework provides guidance on using data efficiently and with all levels of
awareness. Data literacy framework is an iterative process
The key steps for implementing a data literacy program include:
1. Plan: Define the goal, understand the participants, and outline the execution strategy and
timeframe.
2. Communicate: Develop a communication plan to explain the purpose and seek
commitment from participants.

3. Assess: Use a data literacy assessment tool to identify participants' comfort level with
data.

4. Develop Culture: Embed the program into the existing culture to improve data literacy
skills over time.

5. Prescriptive Learning: Provide resources tailored to participants' learning styles for

effective learning.
6. Evaluate: Create an evaluation metric to measure progress and determine how frequently
it will be assessed.
6Q. What is Data Privacy? Why is it important?
Data privacy referred to as information privacy is concerned with the proper handling of sensitive
data including personal data and other confidential data, such as certain financial data and
intellectual property data, to meet regulatory requirements as well as protecting the
confidentiality and immutability of the data.
It is important to:
 Understanding what data, you have collected, how it is handled, and where it is stored.

 Necessary data required for a project should only be collected.

 User consent while data collection must be of utmost importance.

7Q. What is Data Security? Why is it important?

A: Data security is the practice of protecting digital information from unauthorized access,
corruption, or theft throughout its entire lifecycle
Due to the rising amount of data in the cloud there is an increased risk of cyber threats. The most
appropriate step for such an amount of traffic being generated is how we control and protect the
transfer of sensitive or personal information at every known place.
The most possible reasons why data security is more important now are:
Cyber-attacks affect all the people
The fast-technological changes will boom cyber attacks

8Q. Mention the best practices for Cyber Security

A: Do’s

 Use strong, unique passwords with a mix of characters for each account.

 Activate Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for added security.

 Download software from trusted sources and scan files before opening.

 Prioritize websites with "https://" for secure logins.

 Keep your browser, OS, and antivirus updated regularly.

 Adjust social media privacy settings for limited visibility to close contacts.

 Always lock your screen when away.

 Connect only with trusted individuals online.

 Use secure Wi-Fi networks.

 Report online bullying to a trusted adult immediately.

Don’t ‘s

 Avoid sharing personal info like real name or phone number.

 Don't send pictures to strangers or post them on social media.

 Don't open emails or attachments from unknown sources.

 Ignore suspicious requests for personal info like bank account details.
 Keep passwords and security questions private.

 Don't copy copyrighted software without permission.

 Avoid cyberbullying or using offensive language online.

9Q. What are the different types of Data

10Q. What are the different types of numeric data

A: Numeric Data is further classified as:
Continuous data is numeric data that is continuous. E.g., height, weight, temperature, voltage

Discrete data is numeric data that contains only whole numbers and cannot be fractional
E.g. the number of students in the class – it can only be a whole number, not in decimals

11Q. What are the different types of data used in three domains of AI?

 Computer Vision: Visual Data (Images, Videos)

 Natural Language Processing: Textual Data (Documents, PDF files)
 Data Science : Statistical Data – Numeric Data (Tables, Excel sheets)
12Q. What is Data Acquisition
acquiring data, refers to the procedure of gathering data. The process has 3 key steps
13Q. What are the different sources of data?
Various Sources for Acquiring Data:
Primary Data Sources — Some of the sources for primary data include surveys, interviews,
experiments, etc. The data generated from the experiment is an example of primary data.
Here is an excel sheet showing the data collected for students of a class.

Secondary Data Sources—Secondary data collection obtains information from external sources,
rather than generating it personally. Some sources for secondary data collection include:

14Q. What are the best practices for Data acquisition

15Q. What are the steps in acquiring data from websites.

16Q. What are the Ethical concerns to be followed in data acquisition

17Q. Write down about features of data

Data features are the characteristics or properties of the data. They describe each piece of
information in a dataset
There are three primary factors determining the usability of data:
1. Structure- Defines how data is stored.
Cleanliness- Clean data is free from duplicates, missing values, outliers, and other anomalies that
may affect its reliability and usefulness for analysis. In this particular example, duplicate values
are removed after cleaning the data.

Accuracy- Accuracy indicates how well the data matches real-world values, ensuring reliability.
Accurate data closely reflects actual values without errors, enhancing the quality and
trustworthiness of the dataset.

In this particular example, we are comparing data gathered from measuring the length of a small
box in centimeters.

18Q. What is Data processing and Data Interpretation?

Data Processing
Data processing helps computers understand raw data.
Use of computers to perform different operations on data is included under data processing.

Data Interpretation
It is the process of making sense out of data that has been
The interpretation of data helps us answer critical questions using data.
19Q. What are the key steps involved in working with data, from acquisition to presentation, and
their significance?
Answer:
The key steps in working with data include:
1. Acquire Data: Collect data from various sources for analysis.
2. Data Processing: Process raw data to derive meaningful insights.
o Example: Identifying that more than 60% of students are interested in sports.
3. Data Analysis: Examine data components to draw meaningful conclusions.
4. Data Interpretation: Explain the findings in the given context to provide relevance.
5. Data Presentation: Organize and present the conclusions logically to communicate
effectively
20Q. How to interpret Data?
Based on the two types of data, there are two ways to interpret data-

 Quantitative Data Interpretation

 Qualitative Data Interpretation

Qualitative Data Interpretation
Qualitative data tells us about the emotions and feelings of people
Qualitative data interpretation is focused on insights and motivations of people

Quantitative data interpretation is made on numerical data

▪ It helps us answer questions like “when,” “how many,” and “how often”
▪ For example – (how many) numbers of likes on the Instagram post

21Q. Differentiate between Qualitative & Quantitative Data Interpretation

22Q. What are the different types of Data Intrepretation

Textual DI
The data is mentioned in the text form, usually in a paragraph.
Used when the data is not large and can be easily comprehended by reading.
Textual presentation is not suitable for large data.

Tabular DI
Data is represented systematically in the form of rows and columns.
Title of the Table (Item of Expenditure) contains the description of the table content.
Column Headings (Year; Salary; Fuel and Transport; Bonus; Interest on Loans; Taxes) contains the
description of information contained in columns.
Graphical DI
Bar Graphs
In a Bar Graph, data is represented using vertical and horizontal bars.

Pie Charts

Pie Charts have the shape of a pie and each slice of the pie represents the portion of the entire
pie allocated to each category
It is a circular chart divided into various sections (think of a cake cut into slices)
Each section of the pie chart is proportional to the corresponding value

Line Graphs
A line graph is created by connecting various data points.
It shows the change in quantity over time.

22Q. What is the importance of data interpretation?

Informed Decision Making: A decision is only as good as the knowledge it is based on
Reduced Cost: Identifying needs can lead to reduction in cost

Identifying Needs : We can identify needs of people by data interpretation