Divide Whole Numbers

Check your understanding of important skills.

Name

→ Meaning of Division Use counters to solve.

1. Divide 18 counters into 3 equal 2. Divide 21 counters into
groups. How many counters are 7 equal groups. How many
in each group? counters are in each group?

_ counters _ counters

→ Multiply 3-Digit and 4-Digit Numbers Multiply.

3. 321 4. 518 5. 4,092 6. 8,264

3 4
__ 3 7
__ 3
__ 6 3
__ 9

→ Estimate with 1-Digit Divisors Estimate the quotient.

7. 2qw
312 8. 4qw
189 9. 6qw
603 10. 3qw
1,788

WITH
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

TM

The height of the Gateway Arch shown on the Missouri

quarter is 630 feet, or 7,560 inches. Be a math detective to
find how many 4-inch stacks of quarters make up the height
of the Gateway Arch. If there are 58 quarters in a 4-inch
stack, how many quarters high is the arch?

GO Assessment Options: Soar to Success Math Chapter 2 59

Online
Vocabulary Builder
→ Visualize It
Complete the Flow Map using the words with a 3. Review Words

Inverse Operations compatible numbers

Multiplication 3dividend
3divisor
factor
3 5 estimate
4 3 12
3factor
partial quotients
3product
Division
3quotient
4 5 remainder
12 3 4

→ Understand Vocabulary
Use the review words to complete each sentence.

1. You can ____ to find a number that is

close to the exact amount.

2. Numbers that are easy to compute with mentally are called

____ .

3. The ____ is the amount left over when

a number cannot be divided evenly.

4. A method of dividing in which multiples of the divisor are

subtracted from the dividend and then the quotients are

added together is called ____ . © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5. The number that is to be divided in a division problem is the

____ .

6. The ____ is the number, not including

the remainder, that results from dividing.

GO • eStudent Edition • Multimedia eGlossary

60 Online
Name
Lesson 2.1
Place the First Digit
Essential Question How can you tell where to place the first digit
of a quotient without dividing?

UNLOCK the Problem

Tania has 8 purple daisies. In all, she counts 128
petals on her flowers. If each flower has the same • Underline the sentence that tells you
what you are trying to find.
number of petals, how many petals are on
• Circle the numbers you need to use.
one flower?
• How will you use these numbers to solve the
problem?

Divide. 128 4 8

STEP 1 Use an estimate to place the first

digit in the quotient.

Estimate. 160 4 _ 5 _

The first digit of the quotient will be in

the __ place.

STEP 2 Divide the tens.

1 Divide. 12 tens 4 8

8qw
128 Multiply. 8 3 1 ten

– Subtract. 12 tens 2 _ tens

Check. _ tens cannot be shared
among 8 groups without regrouping.

STEP 3 Regroup any tens left as ones. Then, divide the ones.

16 Divide. 48 ones 4 8

8qw
128 Multiply. 8 3 6 ones
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

–8
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how
– Subtract. 48 ones 2 _ ones
estimating the quotient helps
you at both the beginning and
Check. _ ones cannot be the end of a division problem.
shared among 8 groups.

Since 16 is close to the estimate of _ , the answer is reasonable.

So, there are 16 petals on one flower.

Chapter 2 61
Example
Divide. Use place value to place the first digit. 4,236 4 5
Remember to estimate the
STEP 1 Use place value to place the first digit. quotient first.

5qw
4,236 Look at the thousands. Estimate: 4,000 4 5 5 __
4 thousands cannot be shared among 5 groups
without regrouping.
Look at the hundreds.

_ hundreds can be shared among 5 groups.

The first digit is in the __ place.

STEP 2 Divide the hundreds.

8 Divide. _ hundreds 4 _
5qw
4,236
Multiply. _ 3 _ hundreds
2
Subtract. _ hundreds 2 _ hundreds

Check. _ hundreds cannot be shared among

5 groups without regrouping.

STEP 3 Divide the tens.

84 Divide.
5qw
4,236
240 Multiply.
23
220 Subtract.
3
Check.

STEP 4 Divide the ones.

847 Divide. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5qw
4,236
240 Multiply.
23
220 Subtract.
36
235 Check.
1

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
So, 4,236 4 5 is ___ r_.
Explain how you know
if your answer is reasonable.

62
Name

Share and ShowN

Divide.

1. 3qw
579 2. 5qw
1,035 3. 8qw
1,766

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

As you divide, explain

how you know when to place a
zero in the quotient.

On Your OwnA
Divide.

4. 8qw
275 5. 3qw
468 6. 4qw
3,220 7. 6qw
618

8. 4qw
716 9. 9qw
1,157 10. 6qw
6,827 11. 7qw
8,523
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Practice: Copy and Solve Divide.

12. 645 4 8 13. 942 4 6 14. 723 4 7 15. 3,478 4 9

16. 3,214 4 5 17. 492 4 4 18. 2,403 4 9 19. 2,205 4 6

20. 2,426 4 3 21. 1,592 4 8 22. 926 4 4 23. 6,033 4 5

Chapter 2 • Lesson 1 63
MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

UNLOCK the Problem

24. Rosa has a garden divided into sections. She has

125 daisy plants. If she plants an equal number
of the daisy plants in each section of daisies, will
she have any left over? If so, how many daisy plants
will be left over?

a. What information will you use to solve the problem? –

b. How will you use division to find the number of daisy plants left over? –

c. Show the steps you use to solve the d. Complete the sentences:

problem. Estimate: 120 4 3 5 _ Rosa has _ daisy plants.

She puts an equal number in each

of _ sections.

Each section has _ plants.

Rosa has _ daisy plants

left over.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

25. One case can hold 3 boxes. 26. Test Prep In which place is the first
Each box can hold 3 binders. How many digit in the quotient 1,497 4 5?
cases are needed to hold 126 binders?
A thousands

B hundreds

C tens

D ones

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

64 Standards Practice Book, pp. P31–P32
Name
Lesson 2.2
Divide by 1-Digit Divisors
Essential Question How do you solve and check division problems?

UNLOCK the Problem

Jenna’s family is planning a trip to Oceanside,
California. They will begin their trip in Scranton, • Underline the sentence that tells you
Pennsylvania, and will travel 2,754 miles over what you are trying to find.

9 days. If the family travels an equal number of • Circle the numbers you need to use.
miles every day, how far will they travel each day?

Divide. 2,754 4 9

STEP 1

Use an estimate to place the first digit

in the quotient.

Estimate. 2,700 4 9 5 ___ 9 2, 7 5 4

The first digit of the quotient is in –
the ___ place.
–
STEP 2

Divide the hundreds. –

STEP 3

Divide the tens.

STEP 4

Divide the ones.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Since ___ is close to the estimate of ___ ,

the answer is reasonable.

So, Jenna’s family will travel ___ miles each day.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you know

the quotient is 306 and not 36.

Chapter 2 65
CONNECT Division and multiplication are inverse operations. Inverse
operations are opposite operations that undo each other. You can
use multiplication to check your answer to a division problem.

Example Divide. Check your answer.

To check your answer to a division problem, multiply the
quotient by the divisor. If there is a remainder, add it to the
product. The result should equal the dividend.

102 r2 102 quotient

6qw
614 3 6 divisor
26
01
1 2 remainder
20
14 dividend
212
2

Since the result of the check is equal to the dividend,

the division is correct.

So, 614 4 6 is ––.

You can use what you know about checking division to find an
unknown value.

Try This! Find the unknown number by finding the value of

n in the related equation.

A 63 B 125 r
7qw 6qw
752

n 5 7 3 63 752 5 6 3 125 1 n
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

dividend divisor quotient dividend divisor quotient remainder

Multiply the divisor and the quotient. Multiply the divisor and the quotient.

752 5 750 1 n
n5–
Think: What number added to 750 equals 752?

n5–

66
Name

Share and Show

Divide. Check your answer.

1. 8qw
624 Check. 2. 4qw
3,220 Check. 3. 4qw
1,027 Check.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how multiplication

can help you check a quotient.

On Your Own
Divide.

4. 6qw
938 5. 4qw
762 6. 3qw
5,654 7. 8qw
475

Practice: Copy and Solve Divide.

8. 4qw
671 9. 9qw
2,023 10. 3qw
4,685 11. 8qw
948

12. 1,326 4 4 13. 5,868 4 6 14. 566 4 3 15. 3,283 4 9

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Algebra Find the value of n in each equation. Write what n represents

in the related division problem.

16. n 5 4 3 58 17. 589 5 7 3 84 1 n 18. n 5 5 3 67 1 3

n 5 ___ n 5 ___ n 5 ___

Chapter 2 • Lesson 2 67
MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table to solve 19–20.

19. If the Welcome gold nugget were turned into

3 equal-sized gold bricks, how many troy
ounces would each brick weigh? Large Gold Nuggets Found
Name Weight Location
Welcome Stranger 2,284 troy ounces Australia
Welcome
elcome 2,217 troy ounces Australia
20. Pose a Problem Look back at Problem 19.
Willard 788 troy ounces California
Write a similar problem by changing the
nugget and the number of bricks. Then solve
the problem.

21. There are 246 students going on a

field trip to pan for gold. If they are going in
vans that hold 9 students each, how many
vans are needed? How many students will
ride in the van that isn’t full?

22. One crate can hold 8 cases of trading cards.

How many crates are needed to hold
128 cases of trading cards?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

23. Test Prep At a bake sale, a fifth-grade class

sold 324 cupcakes in packages of 6. How
many packages of cupcakes did the class
sell?

A 1,944 C 64

B 108 D 54

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

68 Standards Practice Book, pp. P33–P34
Lesson 2.3
Name
Division with 2-Digit Divisors
Essential Question How can you use base-ten blocks to model and
understand division of whole numbers?

Investigate
Materials n base-ten blocks
There are 156 students in the Carville Middle School chorus. The
music director wants the students to stand with 12 students in
each row for the next concert. How many rows will there be?

A. Use base-ten blocks to model the dividend, 156.

B. Place 2 tens below the hundred to form a rectangle. How

many groups of 12 does the rectangle show? How much of
the dividend is not shown in this rectangle?

C. Combine the remaining tens and ones into as many groups

of 12 as possible. How many groups of 12 are there?

D. Place these groups of 12 on the right side of the rectangle

to make a larger rectangle.

E. The final rectangle shows _ groups of 12.

So, there will be _ rows of 12 students.

Draw Conclusions
1. Explain why you still need to make groups of 12 after Step B.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2. Describe how you can use base-ten blocks to find the quotient 176 4 16.

Chapter 2 69
Make ConnectionsN
The two sets of groups of 12 that you found in the Investigate are 10 + 3
partial quotients. First you found 10 groups of 12 and then you
found 3 more groups of 12. Sometimes you may need to regroup
12
before you can show a partial quotient.

You can use a quick picture to record the partial products.

Divide. 180 4 15

MODEL Use base-ten blocks. RECORD Use quick pictures.

STEP 1 Model the dividend, 180, as 1 hundred 8 tens.

Model the first partial quotient by making a

rectangle with the hundred and 5 tens. In the
Record, cross out the hundred and tens you use.

The rectangle shows _ groups of 15.

Draw the first partial quotient.
STEP 2 Additional groups of 15 cannot be made
without regrouping.

Regroup 1 ten as 10 ones. In the Record, cross

out the regrouped ten.

There are now _ tens and _ ones.

STEP 3 Decide how many additional groups of 15 can Draw the first and second partial quotients.
be made with the remaining tens and ones. The
number of groups is the second partial quotient.

Make your rectangle larger by including these

groups of 15. In the Record, cross out the tens
and ones you use.

There are now _ groups of 15.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how your

So, 180 4 15 is _. model shows the quotient.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Share and Show

Use the quick picture to divide.
+

1. 143 4 13
13

70
Name

Divide. Use base-ten blocks.

2. 168 4 12 3. 154 4 14 4. 187 4 11

Divide. Draw a quick picture.

5. 165 4 11 6. 216 4 18

7. 196 4 14 8. 195 4 15

9. 182 4 13 10. 228 4 12

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how
Exercise 10 is different from
Exercises 7-9.

Chapter 2 • Lesson 3 71
Pony Express
The Pony Express used men riding horses to deliver mail
between St. Joseph, Missouri, and Sacramento, California,
from April, 1860 to October, 1861. The trail between the
cities was approximately 2,000 miles long. The first trip from
St. Joseph to Sacramento took 9 days 23 hours. The first trip
from Sacramento to St. Joseph took 11 days 12 hours.

Before the Pony Express ended in 1861, there were 100

stations, 80 riders, and 400 to 500 horses. The riders were
young men about 20 years old who weighed about 120
pounds. Each rider rode 10 to 15 miles before getting a
fresh horse. Riders rode a total of 75 to 100 miles each trip.

Solve.
11. Suppose two Pony Express riders rode a total of
165 miles. If they replaced each horse with a fresh
horse every 11 miles, how many horses would they
have used?

12. Suppose a Pony Express rider was paid $192 for 12

weeks of work. If he was paid the same amount each
week, how much was he paid for each week of work?

13. Suppose three riders rode a total of 240 14. Suppose it took 19 riders a total of
miles. If they used a total of 16 horses, 11 days 21 hours to ride from St. Joseph
and rode each horse the same number of to Sacramento. If they all rode the same
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

miles, how many miles did they ride before number of hours, how many hours did
replacing each horse? each rider ride?

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

72 Standards Practice Book, pp. P35–P36
Lesson 2.4
Name
Partial Quotients
Essential Question How can you use partial quotients
to divide by 2-digit divisors?

UNLOCK the Problem

People in the United States eat about 23 pounds
of pizza per person every year. If you ate that • Rewrite in one sentence the problem you are
asked to solve.
much pizza each year, how many years would it
take you to eat 775 pounds of pizza?

Divide by using partial quotients.

775 4 23

STEP 1 COMPLETE THE DIVISION PROBLEM.

Subtract multiples of the divisor from

the dividend until the remaining 23qw775
number is less than the multiple. The – 10 × 23 10
easiest partial quotients to use are
multiples of 10.
545

STEP 2

Subtract smaller multiples of the

divisor until the remaining number
is less than the divisor. Then add
the partial quotients to find the
quotient.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

775 4 23 is _ r _.

So, it would take you more than 33 years to eat

775 pounds of pizza. Depending on the question, a
remainder may or may not be
used in answering the question.
Sometimes the quotient is
adjusted based on the remainder.

Chapter 2 73
Example
Myles is helping his father with the supply order for his pizza
shop. For next week, the shop will need 1,450 ounces of
mozzarella cheese. Each package of cheese weighs
32 ounces. Complete Myles’s work to find how many
packages of mozzarella cheese he needs to order.

32qw
1,450
– 320 _ × 32
1,130
– 320 _ × 32
810
– 320 _ × 32
490
–320 _ × 32
170
–160 _ × 32 1
10
1,450 4 32 is _ r _.

So, he needs to order _ packages of mozzarella cheese. MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

What does the remainder

represent? Explain how the remainder
will affect your answer.
Try This! Use different partial quotients to solve
the problem above.

32qw
1,450 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Using different multiples of the

divisor to find partial quotients
provides many ways to solve a
division problem. Some ways
are quicker, but all result in the
same answer.

74
Name

Share and Show

Divide. Use partial quotients.

1. 18qw
648 2. 62qw
3,186 3. 858 ÷ 57

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain what the

greatest possible whole-number
remainder is if you divide any

On Your Own number by 23.

Divide. Use partial quotients.

4. 73qw
584 5. 51qw
1,831 6. 8 2w
q2,964

7. 892 ÷ 26 8. 1,056 ÷ 48 9. 2,950 ÷ 67

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Practice: Copy and Solve Divide. Use partial quotients.

10. 653 4 42 11. 946 4 78 12. 412 4 18 13. 871 4 87

14. 1,544 4 34 15. 2,548 4 52 16. 2,740 4 83 17. 4,135 4 66

Chapter 2 • Lesson 4 75
MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
h person
Use the table to solve 18–20 and 22. Each year eac s about…
at
in the U.S. e
f popcorn
18. How many years would it take for a person •68 quarts o
f bread
in the United States to eat 855 pounds of apples? •53 pounds o
f apples
•19 pounds o
f turkey
•14 pounds o

19. How many years would it take for a person in the

United States to eat 1,120 pounds of turkey?

20. If 6 people in the United States each eat the

average amount of popcorn for 5 years, how many
quarts of popcorn will they eat?

21. In a study, 9 people ate a total of 1,566

pounds of potatoes in 2 years. If each person ate
the same amount each year, how many pounds of
potatoes did each person eat in 1 year?

22. Sense or Nonsense? In the

United States, a person eats more than 40,000
pounds of bread in a lifetime if he or she lives to be
80 years old. Does this statement make sense, or is
it nonsense? Explain.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

23. Test Prep The school auditorium has 448 seats

arranged in 32 equal rows. How many seats are
in each row?

A 14,336 C 416
B 480 D 14

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

76 Standards Practice Book, pp. P37–P38
Name

Mid-Chapter Checkpoint
→ Concepts and Skills
1. Explain how estimating the quotient helps you place the first
digit in the quotient of a division problem.

2. Explain how to use multiplication to check the answer to a

division problem.

Divide.

3. 633 4 3 4. 487 4 8 5. 1,641 4 4 6. 2,765 4 9

Divide. Use partial quotients.

7. 156 4 13 8. 318 4 53 9. 1,562 4 34 10. 4,024 4 68

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Chapter 2 77
Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

11. Emma is planning a party for 128 guests. If 8 guests can be

seated at each table, how many tables will be needed for
seating at the party?

A 8
B 14
C 16
D 17

12. Tickets for the basketball game cost $14 each. If the sale of the tickets
brought in $2,212, how many tickets were sold?

A 150
B 158
C 168
D 172

13. Margo used 864 beads to make necklaces for the art club. She
made 24 necklaces with the beads. If each necklace has the
same number of beads, how many beads did Margo use for
each necklace?

A 24
B 36
C 37
D 60

14. Angie needs to buy 156 candles for a party. Each package has © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8 candles. How many packages should Angie buy?

A 17
B 18
C 19
D 20

78
Lesson 2.5
Name
Estimate with 2-Digit Divisors
Essential Question How can you use compatible numbers
to estimate quotients?

CONNECTYou can estimate quotients using compatible

numbers that are found by using basic facts and patterns.

35 4 5 5 7 basic fact
350 4 50 5 7
3,500 4 50 5 70
35,000 4 50 5 700

UNLOCK the Problem

The observation deck of the Willis Tower in Chicago,
Illinois, is 1,353 feet above the ground. Elevators lift
visitors to that level in 60 seconds. About how many
← Willis Tower,
feet do the elevators travel per second? formerly known as
the Sears Tower, is
the tallest building
Estimate. 1,353 4 60 in the United States.

STEP 1
1,353 4 60 1,353 4 60
Use two sets of compatible
numbers to find two
1,200 4 60 1,800 4 60
different estimates.

STEP 2 12 4 6 5 _ 18 4 6 5_
Use patterns and basic
120 4 60 5 _ _ 4_5_
facts to help estimate.
1,200 4 60 5 _ _ 4_5_
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The elevators travel about _ to _ feet per second.

The more reasonable estimate is ___ because

___ is closer to 1,353 than ___ is.

So, the observation deck elevators in the Willis Tower travel

about _ feet per second.

Chapter 2 79
Example Estimate money.
Miriam has saved $650 to spend during her 18-day
trip to Chicago. She doesn’t want to run out of money
before the trip is over, so she plans to spend about the
same amount each day. Estimate how much she can
spend each day.

Estimate. 18qw
$650
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
$600 4 _ 5 $30 or __ 4 20 5 $40
Would it be more
reasonable to have an estimate or
So, Miriam can spend about __ to __ each day. an exact answer for this example?
Explain your reasoning.

• Given Miriam’s situation, which estimate do you think

is the better one for her to use? Explain your reasoning.

Try This! Use compatible numbers.

Find two estimates. Estimate the quotient.

52qw
415 38qw
$2,764

Share and Show

Use compatible numbers to find two estimates.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

1. 22qw
154 2. 68qw
503 3. 81qw
7,052
140 4 20 5 _

160 4 20 5 _

4. 33qw
291 5. 58qw
2,365 6. 19qw
5,312

80
Name

On Your Own
Use compatible numbers to find two estimates.

7. 42qw
396 8. 59qw
413 9. 28qw
232

10. 22qw
368 11. 78qw
375 12. 88qw
6,080

13. 5,821 4 71 14. 1,565 4 67 15. 7,973 4 91

Use compatible numbers to estimate the quotient.

16. 19qw
228 17. 25qw
$595 18. 86qw
7,130

19. 83qw
462 20. 27qw
9,144 21. 68qw
710
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

22. 707 4 36 23. 1,198 4 41 24. 5,581 4 72

Chapter 2 • Lesson 5 81
MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the picture to solve 25–26.

25. About how many meters tall is each floor of

the Williams Tower?

26. About how many meters tall is each floor of

the Chrysler Building?

27. Eli needs to save $235. To earn 275 meters, 295 meters, 319 meters,
money, he plans to mow lawns and charge 64 floors, 76 floors, 77 floors,
$21 for each. Write two estimates Eli could Williams Columbia Chrysler
use to determine the number of lawns he Tower, Center, Building,
needs to mow. Decide which estimate you Texas Washington New York

think is the better one for Eli to use. Explain

your reasoning.

28. Explain how you know

whether the quotient of 298 4 31 is closer
to 9 or to 10.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

29. Test Prep Anik built a tower of cubes. It was

594 millimeters tall. The height of each cube
was 17 millimeters. About how many cubes
did Anik use?

A 10 C 30
B 16 D 300

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

82 Standards Practice Book, pp. P39–P40
Lesson 2.6
Name
Divide by 2-Digit Divisors
Essential Question How can you divide by 2-digit divisors?

UNLOCK the Problem

Mr. Yates owns a smoothie shop. To mix a batch of his
famous orange-punch smoothies, he uses 18 ounces • Underline the sentence that tells you
what you are trying to find.
of freshly squeezed orange juice. Each day he squeezes
560 ounces of fresh orange juice. How many batches of
• Circle the numbers you need to use.
orange-punch smoothies can Mr. Yates make in a day?

Divide. 560 4 18 Estimate. ___

STEP 1 Use the estimate to place the first digit in the quotient.

18qw
560 The first digit of the quotient will be in the

place.

STEP 2 Divide the tens.

3
Divide.
56 tens ÷ 18
18qw
560
2 54
2 Multiply.

Subtract.

Check. 2 tens cannot be shared among

18 groups without regrouping.

STEP 3 Divide the ones.

31 r2
18qw
560 Divide.
2 54
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

20 Multiply.
218
_
2 Subtract.
MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
Check.
Explain what the
remainder 2 represents.

Since 31 is close to the estimate of 30, the answer is reasonable.

So, Mr. Yates can make 31 batches of orange-punch smoothies each day.

Chapter 2 83
Example
Every Wednesday, Mr. Yates orders fruit. He has set
aside $1,250 to purchase Valencia oranges. Each
box of Valencia oranges costs $41. How many boxes
of Valencia oranges can Mr. Yates purchase?

You can use multiplication to check your answer.

Divide. 1,250 4 41

DIVIDE CHECK YOUR WORK

Estimate.

30 r20 30
41qw
1,250 × 41
– 30
+ 1,200 +
– 1,250 3

So, Mr. Yates can buy _ boxes of Valencia oranges.

Try This! Divide. Check your answer.

A B

63qw
756 22qw
4,692
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

84
Name

Share and Show

Divide. Check your answer.

1. 28qw
620 2. 64qw
842 3. 53qw
2,340

4. 723 4 31 5. 1,359 4 45 6. 7,925 4 72

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why you can use

multiplication to check division.

On Your Own
Divide. Check your answer.

7. 16qw
346 8. 34qw
421 9. 77qw
851

10. 21qw
1,098 11. 32qw
6,466 12. 45qw
9,500
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

13. 483 4 21 14. 2,292 4 19 15. 4,255 4 30

Practice: Copy and Solve Divide. Check your answer.

16. 775 4 35 17. 820 4 41 18. 805 4 24

19. 1,166 4 53 20. 1,989 4 15 21. 3,927 4 35

Chapter 2 • Lesson 6 85
MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the list at the right to solve 22–24.

22. A smoothie shop receives a delivery of 980

Smoothie Main Ingredients
ounces of grape juice. How many Royal Purple Orange Tango
smoothies can be made with the grape juice? Smoothie Royal Purple
18 ounces orange juice
12 ounces mango juice Smoothie
22 ounces grape juice
8 ounces apple juice
Crazy Cranberry
23. The shop has 1,260 ounces of cranberry
Smoothie
20 ounces cranberry juice
juice and 650 ounces of passion fruit juice. If 10 ounces passion fruit juice
the juices are used to make Crazy Cranberry
smoothies, which juice will run out first? How
much of the other juice will be left over?

24. In the refrigerator, there are 680

ounces of orange juice and 410 ounces
of mango juice. How many Orange Tango
smoothies can be made? Explain your
reasoning.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

25. Test Prep James has 870 action figures.

He decides to divide them equally among
23 boxes. How many action figures will
James have left over?

A 19 C 31

B 23 D 37

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

86 Standards Practice Book, pp. P41–P42
Name
Lesson 2.7
Interpret the Remainder
Essential Question When solving a division problem, when do you write
the remainder as a fraction?

UNLOCK the Problem

Scott and his family want to hike a trail that is
1,365 miles long. They will hike equal parts of the • Circle the dividend you will use to solve the
division problem.
trail on 12 different hiking trips. How many miles
will Scott’s family hike on each trip? • Underline the divisor you will use to solve the
division problem.

When you solve a division problem with a remainder,

the way you interpret the remainder depends on the
situation and the question. Sometimes you need to
use both the quotient and the remainder. You can do
that by writing the remainder as a fraction.

One Way Write the remainder as a fraction.

First, divide to find the quotient and remainder.
Then, decide how to use the quotient and remainder
to answer the question.
1 2 1, 3 6 5
• The __ represents the number of trips
Scott and his family plan to take.

• The __ represents the whole-number

part of the number of miles Scott and his family will
hike on each trip.

• The __ represents the number of miles

left over.

• The remainder represents 9 miles, which can also be

divided into 12 parts and written as a fraction.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

remainder
_________
divisor
→ __
• Write the quotient with the remainder written as a
fraction in simplest form.

So, Scott and his family will hike __ miles on each trip.

Chapter 2 87
Another Way Use only the quotient.

The segment of the Appalachian Trail that runs through

Pennsylvania is 232 miles long. Scott and his family want to
hike 9 miles each day on the trail. How many days will they
hike exactly 9 miles? 9 2 3 2
• Divide to find the quotient and the remainder.

• Since the remainder shows that there are not enough miles
left for another 9-mile day, it is not used in the answer.

So, they will hike exactly 9 miles on each of _ days.

Other Ways
A Add 1 to the quotient. B Use the remainder as the answer.

What is the total number of days that Scott If Scott hikes 9 miles each day except the
will need to hike 232 miles? last day, how many miles will he hike on
the last day?
• To hike the 7 remaining miles, he will
need 1 more day. • The remainder is 7.

So, Scott will need _ days So, Scott will hike _ miles on
to hike 232 miles. the last day.

Try This!

A sporting goods store is going 1

to ship 1,252 sleeping bags.
Each shipping carton can hold
8qw
1,252
8 sleeping bags. How many –8
cartons are needed to ship all 45
of the sleeping bags?
–
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2
–

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Since there are _ sleeping bags left over, Explain why you would
not write the remainder as a fraction
_ cartons will be needed for all of the sleeping bags. when you find the number of cartons
needed in the Try This.

88
Name

Share and ShowN

Interpret the remainder to solve.

1. Erika and Bradley want to hike the Big Cypress

Trail. They will hike a total of 75 miles. If Erika
and Bradley plan to hike for 12 days, how r
many miles will they hike each day? 1 2 7 5
a. Divide to find the quotient and remainder. –
b. Decide how to use the quotient and
remainder to answer the question.

2. What if Erika and Bradley want to hike 3. Dylan’s hiking club is planning to stay
14 miles each day? How many days will overnight at a camping lodge. Each large
they hike exactly 14 miles? room can hold 15 hikers. There are 154
hikers. How many rooms will they need?

On Your Own
Interpret the remainder to solve.

4. The students in a class of 24 share 84 5. A campground has cabins that can each hold
cookies equally among them. How many 28 campers. There are 148 campers visiting
cookies did each student eat? the campground. How many cabins are full if
28 campers are in each cabin?

6. A total of 123 fifth-grade students are going

7. What’s the Error? Sheila is going
to Fort Verde State Historic Park. Each bus
to divide a 36-inch piece of ribbon into
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

holds 38 students. All of the buses are full

5 equal pieces. She says each piece will be
except one. How many students will be in
7 inches long.
the bus that is not full?

Chapter 2 • Lesson 7 89
MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

UNLOCK the Problem

8. Maureen has 243 ounces of trail mix. She puts an equal number
of ounces in each of 15 bags. How many ounces of trail mix does
Maureen have left over?

A 3 ounces B 15 ounces C 16 ounces D 17 ounces

a. What do you need to find?

b. How will you use division to find how many ounces of trail mix are left over?–

c. Show the steps you use to solve the problem. d. Complete the sentences.

Maureen has _ ounces of

trail mix.

She puts an equal number in each of

_ bags.
Each bag has _ ounces.

Maureen has _ ounces of

trail mix left over.

e. Fill in the bubble completely to show

your answer.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9. Mr. Field wants to give each of his 72 campers 10. James has884 feet of rope. There are
a certificate for completing an obstacle course. 12 teams of hikers. If James gives an equal
If there are 16 certificates in one package, how amount of rope to each team, how much
many packages will Mr. Field need? rope will each team receive?

A 4 C 16 A 12 feet C 73 2_3 feet

B 5 D 17 B 73 feet D 74 feet

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

90 Standards Practice Book, pp. P43–P44
Lesson 2.8
Name
Adjust Quotients
Essential Question How can you adjust the quotient if your estimate
is too high or too low?

CONNECT When you estimate to decide where to place the first digit,
you can also try using the first digit of your estimate to find the first
digit of your quotient. Sometimes an estimate is too low or too high.

Divide. 3,382 4 48 Divide. 453 4 65

Estimate. 3,000 4 50 5 60 Estimate. 490 4 70 5 7

Try 6 tens. Try 7 ones.

If an estimate is too low, the difference will be greater If an estimate is too high, the product with the first
than the divisor. digit will be too large and cannot be subtracted.

6 Since the estimate is too 7 Since the estimate is too

48qw
3,382 low, adjust by increasing the 65qw
453 high, adjust by decreasing the
number in the quotient. number in the quotient.
22 88 2455
50

UNLOCK the Problem

A new music group makes 6,127 copies of its first CD. The
group sells 75 copies of the CD at each of its shows. How
many shows does it take the group to sell all of the CDs?

Divide. 6,127 4 75 Estimate. 6,300 4 70 5 90

STEP 1 Use the estimate, 90. Try 9 tens.

• Is the estimate too high, too low, or correct?

75qw
6,127
• Adjust the number in the quotient if needed.

STEP 2 Estimate the next digit in the quotient.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Divide the ones.

Estimate: 140 4 70 5 2. Try 2 ones.
• Is the estimate too high, too low, or correct?

• Adjust the number in the quotient if needed.

So, it takes the group _ shows to sell all of the CDs.

Chapter 2 91
Try This! When the difference is equal to or greater than the divisor,
the estimate is too low.
Divide. 336 4 48 Estimate. 300 4 50 5 6

Use the estimate. Adjust the estimated digit in the quotient if

needed. Then divide.
Try 6 ones.
6 Try __.
48qw
336

Since __ , the estimate is __.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
336 4 48 5 _ Explain why using the
closest estimate could be useful in
solving a division problem.

Share and Show

Adjust the estimated digit in the quotient, if needed. Then divide.

4 2 9
1. 41qw
1,546 2. 16qw
416 3. 34qw
2,831

Divide.

4. 19qw
915 5. 28qw
1,825 6. 45qw
3,518
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you

know whether an estimated
quotient is too low or too high.

92
Name

On Your Own
Adjust the estimated digit in the quotient, if needed. Then divide.
2 1 6
7. 26qw
541 8. 43qw
688 9. 67qw
4,873

Divide.

10. 15qw
975 11. 37qw
264 12. 22qw
6,837

Practice: Copy and Solve Divide.

13. 452 4 31 14. 592 4 74 15. 785 4 14

16. 601 4 66 17. 1,067 4 97 18. 2,693 4 56

19. 1,488 4 78 20. 2,230 4 42 21. 4,295 4 66

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Algebra Write the unknown number for each n.

22. n 4 33 5 11 23. 1,092 4 52 5 n 24. 429 4 n 5 33

n 5 __ n 5 __ n 5 __

Chapter 2 • Lesson 8 93
MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

UNLOCK the Problem

25. A banquet hall serves 2,394 pounds of turkey during
a 3-week period. If the same amount is served each
day, how many pounds of turkey does the banquet
hall serve each day?

A 50,274 pounds C 342 pounds

B 798 pounds D 114 pounds

a. What do you need to find?–

b. What information are you given?–

c. What other information will you use? e. Divide to solve the problem.

d. Find how many days there are in 3 weeks.

f. Fill in the bubble for the correct
There are _ days in 3 weeks. answer choice.

26. Marcos mixes 624 ounces of lemonade. He 27. The Box of Sox company packs 18 pairs of
wants to fill the 52 cups he has with equal socks in a box. How many boxes will the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

amounts of lemonade. How much lemonade company need to pack 810 pairs of socks?
should he put in each cup?

A 8 ounces A 40
B 12 ounces B 45
C 18 ounces C 55

D 20 ounces D 56

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

94 Standards Practice Book, pp. P45–P46
PROBLEM SOLVING
Name
Lesson 2.9
Problem Solving • Division
Essential Question How can the strategy draw a diagram help you solve
a division problem?

UNLOCK the Problem

Sean and his family chartered a fishing boat for the
day. Sean caught a blue marlin and an amberjack. The
weight of the blue marlin was 12 times as great as the
weight of the amberjack. The combined weight of both
fish was 273 pounds. How much did each fish weigh?

Read the Problem

What do I need to find? What information do I need How will I use the
to use? information?
I need to find __
I need to know that Sean caught I can use the strategy
____.
a total of _ pounds of fish ___
and then divide. I can draw
and the weight of the blue
and use a bar model to write
marlin was _ times as great the division problem that
helps me find the weight of
as the weight of the amberjack. each fish.

Solve the Problem

I will draw one box to show the weight of the amberjack. Then I will draw a
bar of 12 boxes of the same size to show the weight of the blue marlin. I can
divide the total weight of the two fish by the total number of boxes.
2
amberjack 13qw
273
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

273
pounds −26
blue marlin

Write the quotient in each box. Multiply it by

−
__
12 to find the weight of the blue marlin.

So, the amberjack weighed __ pounds and the

blue marlin weighed __ pounds.

Chapter 2 95
Try Another Problem
Jason, Murray, and Dana went fishing. Dana caught a red snapper.
Jason caught a tuna with a weight 3 times as great as the weight of
the red snapper. Murray caught a sailfish with a weight 12 times as
great as the weight of the red snapper. If the combined weight of the
three fish was 208 pounds, how much did the tuna weigh?

Read the Problem

What do I need to find? What information do I need How will I use the
to use? information?

Solve the Problem

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

So, the tuna weighed _ pounds.

• How can you check if your answer is correct?

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you

could use another strategy to
solve this problem.

96
Name

Share and ShowN

1. Paula caught a tarpon with a weight that was 10 times as great
as the weight of a permit fish she caught. The total weight of the
two fish was 132 pounds. How much did each fish weigh?

First, draw one box to represent the weight of the permit

fish and ten boxes to represent the weight of the tarpon.

Next, divide the total weight of the two fish by the total
number of boxes you drew. Place the quotient in each box.

Last, find the weight of each fish.

The permit fish weighed __ pounds.

The tarpon weighed __ pounds.

2. What if the weight of the tarpon was 11 times

the weight of the permit fish, and the total
weight of the two fish was 132 pounds? How
much would each fish weigh?

permit fish: __ pounds

tarpon: __ pounds

3. Jon caught four fish that weighed a total of

252 pounds. The kingfish weighed twice as
much as the amberjack and the white marlin
weighed twice as much as the kingfish.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The weight of the tarpon was 5 times the

weight of the amberjack. How much did each
fish weigh?

amberjack: __ pounds

kingfish: __ pounds

marlin: __ pounds

tarpon: __ pounds

Chapter 2 • Lesson 9 97
MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense
On Your Own
Use the table to solve 4–7.
4. Kevin is starting a saltwater aquarium with Kevin’s Supply List for
36 fish. He wants to start with 11 times as many a Saltwater Aquarium
damselfish as clown fish. How many of each 40-gal tank $170
fish will Kevin buy? How much will he pay for
the fish? Aquarium light $30

Filtration system $65

Thermometer $2

5. Kevin used a store coupon to buy a 40-gallon 15-lb bag of gravel $13
tank, an aquarium light, and a filtration system. Large rocks $3 per Ib
He paid a total of $240. How much money
Clown fish $20 each
did Kevin save by using the coupon?
Damselfish $7 each

6. Kevin bought 3 bags of gravel to cover

the bottom of his fish tank. He has 8 pounds of
gravel left over. How much gravel did Kevin use
to cover the bottom of the tank?

7. Pose a Problem Look back at

Problem 6. Write a similar problem by changing
the number of bags of gravel and the amount of
gravel left.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8. Test Prep Captain James offers a deep-sea

fishing tour. He charges $2,940 for a 14-hour
trip. How much does each hour of the tour cost?

A $138 C $210

B $201 D $294

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

98 Standards Practice Book, pp. P47–P48
Name

Chapter Review/Test
→ Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Choose the best term from the box.
compatible numbers
1. You can use ____ to estimate quotients
because they are easy to compute with mentally. (p. 79) partial quotients
place value
2. To decide where to place the first digit in the quotient, you can

estimate or use ____. (p. 61)

→ Concepts and Skills

Use compatible numbers to estimate the quotient.

3. 522 4 6 4. 1,285 4 32 5. 6,285 4 89

Divide. Check your answer.

6. 2qw
554 7. 8qw
680 8. 5qw
462

9. 522 4 18 10. 529 4 37 11. 987 4 15

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

12. 1,248 4 24 13. 5,210 4 17 14. 8,808 4 42

GO Assessment Options
Online Chapter Test
Chapter 2 99
Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

15. Samira bought 156 ounces of trail mix. She wants to divide the
amount equally into 24 portions. How many ounces of trail mix
will be in each portion?

A 6 ounces
B 61
__ ounces
2
C 7 ounces
D 12 ounces

16. A school band performed 6 concerts. Every seat for each

performance was sold. If a total of 1,248 seats were sold for all
6 concerts, how many seats were sold for each performance?

A 28
B 200
C 206
D 208

17. Dylan’s dog weighs 12 times as much as his pet rabbit. The dog
and rabbit weigh 104 pounds altogether. How much does Dylan’s
dog weigh?

A 104 pounds
B 96 pounds
C 88 pounds
D 8 pounds

18. Jamie is sewing 14 identical costumes for the school play. She
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

needs 210 buttons to complete all of the costumes. How many

buttons will she sew onto each costume?

A 15
B 14
C 11
D 9

100
Name

Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

19. A book publishing company is shipping an order of 300 books.

The books are packaged in boxes that each can hold 24 books.
How many boxes are needed to ship the order of books?
A 10
B 11
C 12
D 13

20. Richard is planning a trip to Italy. He thinks he will need $2,750 for
the trip. If the trip is 40 weeks away, which is the best estimate of
how much money Richard needs to save each week?

A $60
B $70
C $600
D $700

21. A school club raises $506 to spend on a field trip. There are
23 people going on the trip. How much money did the club raise
for each person going?

A $27
B $22
C $18
D $12
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

22. A local orange grower processes 2,330 oranges from his grove this
year. The oranges are packaged in crates that each hold 96 oranges.
All but one crate is full. How many oranges are in this last crate?

A 24
B 25
C 26
D 27

Chapter 2 101
→ Constructed Response
23. On Monday, 1,900 bottles of perfume are delivered to a warehouse.
The bottles are packed in boxes. Each box can hold 32 bottles.
How many boxes were delivered? Explain how you found your
answer.

→ Performance Task
24. Quincy needs 322 yards of ribbon to decorate quilts for a craft fair.
The ribbon comes in rolls of 15 yards.

A How many rolls of ribbon should Quincy buy? Explain your answer.

B Alice needs twice as many yards of ribbon as Quincy. How many

rolls of ribbon does Alice need? Explain your answer.

C Elena needs yellow, red, and blue ribbon. She needs 285 yards of
the three colors combined. Suggest numbers of rolls of each color
that would give her enough ribbon. (HINT: Break apart the 285 yards
into any combination of 3 groups that total this amount.)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

102