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1 DSP_Background)COMP 407

The document provides an overview of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), defining signals as functions that convey information about physical systems. It classifies signals into Continuous Time (CT) and Discrete Time (DT) categories, and discusses the applications of DSP in various fields such as medical imaging, data compression, and communication. Additionally, it highlights the advantages and limitations of DSP, including robustness and complexity due to A/D and D/A conversions.

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Sudip Subedi
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9 views

1 DSP_Background)COMP 407

The document provides an overview of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), defining signals as functions that convey information about physical systems. It classifies signals into Continuous Time (CT) and Discrete Time (DT) categories, and discusses the applications of DSP in various fields such as medical imaging, data compression, and communication. Additionally, it highlights the advantages and limitations of DSP, including robustness and complexity due to A/D and D/A conversions.

Uploaded by

Sudip Subedi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Signal Processing

COMP407

Madhav P Pandey*
* Compiled by

1
Background of Signal Processing
and DSP
What is Signal?
What is SP?
What is DSP?
Why DSP?
Where DSP? 2
Signals
A signal is a function that conveys information about
state or behavior of a physical system or variable.

In other words, signal is defined as any physical quantity


that varies with time, space or any other independent
variable or variables.

Example:
a speech signal

3
Signals
A signal is a function that conveys information about
state or behavior of a physical system or variable.

In other words, signal is defined as any physical quantity


that varies with time, space or any other independent
variable or variables.

Example:
a speech signal

4
Signal Examples
Other examples include:
An ECG

An Image

Stock Price
and there can be so many others 5
CT/DT Signals
Based on nature of independent variables, signals can be
classified as :
• Continuous Time (CT) Signals:
-Independent variable (usually time) is continuous.
- Signal is defined for all time within an interval.
• Discrete Time (DT) Signals:
- Independent variable is discrete
- Signal is defined only for discrete values of time

6
Systems And Processing
A system may be defined as a physical device that
performs an operation on a signal.

The operations performed on the signal are signal


processing.

An example is the filter used to reduce the noise and


interference corrupting the information bearing signal.

Filter is the system and filtering is the signal processing


task.

In many cases, the softwares and algorithms may also act


as system
7
Systems And Processing

8
DSP

9
DSP of Analog Signals

10
Applications Areas of DSP
• Space photograph enhancement
• Data compression
• Intelligent sensory analysis by remote space probes

• Diagnostic Imaging (CT, MRI, Ultrasound and others


• Electrocardiogram analysis
• Medical image storage and retrival

• Image and sound compression for multimedia purpose


• Special effects in movies
• Video conferencing calling

• Voice and data compression


• Echo reduction
• Signal multiplexing and filtering Filtering

• RADAR/SONAR
• Weapon guidance
• Secure Communication
• Oil and mineral prospecting
• Process monitoring and control
• Nondestructive testing
• CAD and design tools
• Earthquake recording and analysis
• Data acquisition / Spectral analysis
• Simulation and Modeling 11
Applications of DSP

12
Applications of DSP

13
Applications of DSP

14
Applications of DSP

15
Applications of DSP

16
Applications of DSP

17
Applications of DSP

18
Advantages of DSP
Many signals is nature are analog.
We need additional A/D and D/A components for DSP.

19
Advantages of DSP
• DSP systems are more robust
(Precision not effected by external factors, hence
reproducible results)
(Less effected by noise)

• DSP structure are flexible


( Easy interconnection of DSP blocks)
(Possibility of sharing a processor between several tasks)

20
Limitations of DSP
Cost/Complexity added by A/D and D/A conversion.

Increased bandwidth requirement for transmission after


conversion to digital.
- Sampling theorem says double the bandwidth

Input bandwidth is technology limited:


- Higher the bandwidth faster the A/D converter needed.

Digitization (includes quantization) adds error:


- Quantization error

Aliasing and limited frequency resolution.


21

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