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Engine Control Unit (ECU) System Operation

deere

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Lupin Gonzalez
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133 views

Engine Control Unit (ECU) System Operation

deere

Uploaded by

Lupin Gonzalez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CTM385 - PowerTech™ 9.0 L Diesel Engines Level 14 Electronic Fuel


System With Denso HPCR
Engine Control Unit (ECU) System Operation

Engine Control Unit (ECU) System Operation

RG15090A-UN: Engine Control Unit (ECU)

LEGEND:

J1 - 32 Pin Connector - Black Tip


J2 - 48 Pin Connector - Red Tip
J3 - 32-Pin Connector - Blue Tip

Main Components of the Engine Control Unit (ECU)

The ECU is the controller that follows a defined program to run the engine at the desired operating point while keeping
within emissions regulation. This system is made up of input components (i.e. temperature and pressure sensors), and
controlled components (i.e. injectors and actuators). The ECU consists of:

l Analog-to-digital converters (A/D)


l Digital-to-analog converters (D/A)
l Microprocessor (CPU)
l Memory (storage)
l Internal power supplies for external components

Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters (A/D and D/A)

The A/D takes the analog input information from the external components and converts it to a digital value that the CPU
can understand. The D/A converts the digital information from the CPU to analog information that is used by the external
components.

Microprocessor (CPU)

The CPU is considered the “brains” of the ECU. It reads instructions from storage (memory) and interprets them. It
receives information from external components, like sensors, through the A/D. It sends outputs to control external
components, like actuators. It also performs mathematical computations and logical functions.

Memory

Memory is a component capable of retaining digital information. This information can be operation code, data files, or
fragments of data.

Temporary memory (RAM) is used to hold data for short periods of time. This information is lost when the key is turned to
OFF position.

Permanent memory (Flash) stores information for long periods of time. This is where the program and calibration
information is stored. The information in this type of memory is not lost when power is completely removed or if the
controller is removed from the engine harness.

Internal Power Supplies for External Components

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The ECU has several internal power supplies commonly referred to as sensor supplies, that deliver reference voltages to
the engine sensors, throttles, and switches. There are OOR high and OOR low voltage diagnostic trouble codes
associated with each power supply. Multiple power supplies are used, because there are so many external components.
This also keeps critical components from being affected by shorts in other components.

Functions of the ECU

Basic Functions of the Engine Control System

The electronic control system serves as an engine governor by controlling the Electronic Injectors (EIs) so that the fuel is
delivered according to a given set of engine conditions, precise amounts, and at precise time in relation to piston position.
In order to achieve this, the control system performs the following functions:

l Constantly monitor engine operating conditions.


l Precisely determines piston position
l Deliver optimum amount of fuel for a given set of operating conditions
l Deliver fuel at optimum piston position
l Provide multiple control modes
l Perform system diagnosis

System Problem Diagnosis

The ECU can detect problems with external components and their associated wiring. There is a Harness Diagnostic Test
that can be ran from Service ADVISOR to help diagnose some of the problems (see HARNESS DIAGNOSTIC MODE
TEST later this section).

Sensor Monitoring

The ECU monitors its internal temperature to ensure the engine does not overheat and damage components. It monitors
the power supplies to ensure they are operating at the proper voltage. Monitors proper running of stored programs. When
the key is turned off, it even monitors its shut-down process to ensure it happens properly. If a problem exists, the ECU
will generate a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC).

The ECU is continuously receiving real-time inputs from temperature, pressure, speed, and position sensors. The ECU
compares these values with expected values for the operating conditions. If the ECU detects a problem, it will generate a
DTC.

Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC)

These are codes that the ECU sends out over the CAN bus to tell the operator or service equipment it sees a problem,
see DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES LIST later in this group. Some of these codes contain a snapshot of certain
parameters at the time the codes sets which will be stored in the ECU. There may also be a recording of more data that is
stored depending on the DTC, see SNAPSHOT INSTRUCTIONS later this section.

Engine Starting Mode

When the key is turned to the “ON” position, a switched power voltage is sent to the Engine Control Unit (ECU). This
energizes the ECU and allows it to “boot-up” and ready itself for engine start.

NOTE:

If a wiring problem prevents the key ON signal from getting to the ECU, the engine will not start.

As soon as the ECU determines using the Crank Position Sensor input that the engine is cranking, it will determine using
the Pump Position Sensor input when cylinder number 1 is coming to top-dead-center at the end of the compression
stroke. It will then start injecting fuel when the next cylinder in the firing order (cylinder number 5) is at the correct position.
At this point, the engine will start and the ECU will go into the running mode. To provide cold temperature enrichment, the
amount of fuel injected is based on the temperature measured by the Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor.

Engine Running Mode

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In the running mode, both the crank and pump position sensors allow the ECU to precisely determine piston position in
relation to top-dead-center. The ECU uses this information to actuate each individual EI of the injection timing and rate.
The ECU controls fuel delivery by energizing and de-energizing the two-way valve (TWV), which is located in the EI.

DM80898,0000418-19-20110330

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