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Probability of Simple Events

The document explains the concept of probability, including rules and definitions of events, such as simple and compound events. It provides examples of calculating probabilities for various scenarios, including rolling dice and drawing cards. Additionally, it covers the probability of unions of events and includes practical exercises for better understanding.

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Shenela joy Tomas
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9 views

Probability of Simple Events

The document explains the concept of probability, including rules and definitions of events, such as simple and compound events. It provides examples of calculating probabilities for various scenarios, including rolling dice and drawing cards. Additionally, it covers the probability of unions of events and includes practical exercises for better understanding.

Uploaded by

Shenela joy Tomas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The probability of an event

is the ratio of the number


of possible ways of
success of the event to the
total possible outcomes
when each outcome is
Probability Rules
1.0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
2.If P(E) = 1, then E is a sure event for
the sample space S.
3.If P(E) = 0, then E is an impossible
event.
4.P(E´) = 1 – P(E), where E´ is the
complement of A.
EVENTS
A set of possible outcomes
resulting from a particular
experiment.
- Simple events are events
with only one outcome.
- Compound events are
events which consist of
In rolling a die,
EVENTS
- Getting a 3 is a simple
event
- Getting a 5 is a simple
event
- Getting an even number
or a number less than 4
is a compound event
which could be repeated,
and which have well-
defined results.
Examples:
- rolling a die - tossing
a coin
- randomly choosing a ball
from a box
all possible outcomes of a
statistical experiment.
Example: Rolling a die.
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6}
n(S) = 6
Example: Flip a coin.
S = {H, T}
n(S) = 2
Probability of Simple Events
The probability of an event is the
ratio of the number of possible
ways of success of the event to the
total possible outcomes when each
outcome is 𝒏(equally
𝑬 ) No. of wayslikely
E can occur
to occur.
𝑷 ( 𝑬 )=
𝒏( 𝑺) No. of possible outcomes in the sample space S
EXAMPLES:
1.From a deck of 52 cards, find the
probability of drawing:
a. A king e. An odd
number
b. A face card f. Not a face
card
Deck of cards
2. When a fair die is rolled, what is
the probability of a getting:
a. a number > 4 e. a prime
number
b. a 7 f. a number <2
c. an odd number g. a
composite number
3. In tossing a pair of dice, what is
the probability of
a. getting a product greater than
20?
b. getting a single-digit sum?
c. getting a sum that is a prime
number?
In a class of 30 students, 20 students
play football and 15 students play
basketball. A student is randomly
chosen. What is the probability that
he/she: 1. Does not play
F B
basketball?
1 5 1 2. Plays both sports?
5 0 3. Does not play football?
4. Plays football only?
5. Plays basketball only?
The G10-Masisipag students at a certain
school joined different clubs.
A student is randomly chosen. What is the
probability that a student joined:
1. Math club? M S
1 4 1
2. Filipino Club only?
3. Math & Filipino 6 4 6
1 2
but not Science?
15
4. Any 2 clubs
F 1
5. All 3 clubs?
2
Probability of Union of Two
Events
In the same sample space, the
probability of event A or event B to
occur is equal to the probability of
event A plus the probability of event
B minus the probability of their
intersection.
𝑷 ( 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 ) =𝑷 ( 𝑨 ) + 𝑷 ( 𝑩 ) − 𝑷 ( 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)
A die is rolled once. What is the
probability of getting an even
number or a number greater
than 2?
𝑆={1 , 2, 3 , 4 , 5 , 6𝑛(
} 𝑆)= 6
𝐴= {2 , 4 , 6 } 𝐵={3 , 4 , 5 , 6 }
𝑛( 𝐴)= 3 𝑛( 𝐵)=4
𝐴∩ 𝐵={4 , 6 } 𝑛( 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)=2
In a standard deck of cards, what is
the probability of drawing a spade
or an ace?
A card is drawn. Find the probability
of drawing a face card or a heart.
What is P(A∪B) if P(A) = 0.55, P(B)
= 0.35 and P(A∩B) = 0.15?
P(A) = , P(B) = , P(A∩B) = . Find
P(A∪B).
P(A) = 0.16 , P(B) = 0.24 , P(A∪B) =
0.40. Find P(A∩B)
P(A∪B) = , P(A) = , P(A∩B) = .
Find P(B).

A and B are disjoint sets.


P(A∪B) = , P(B) = . Find P(A).
A university has a total of 320
professors, 64 of whom are
females. What is the
probability that a randomly
𝑛( 𝑆)=320professor 256
selected 𝑃 ( 𝑀is
) =a male?
320
𝑛( 𝐹 )=64
4
𝑛 ( 𝑀 )=256𝑃 ( 𝑀 ) = 𝑜𝑟 0.8
5
A mixture of candies contains
6 mints, 4 toffees, and 3
chocolates. A candy is
randomly selected. What is
𝑛( 𝑆)=13
the probability𝑃of( 𝑀
not 4 +3
getting
) ´=
𝑛( 𝑀
a mint?)=6 13
𝑛( 𝑇 )= 4 7
𝑛( 𝐶)=3 𝑃 ( 𝑀) ´= 𝑜𝑟 0.54
13
Two fair dice are rolled. Find the
1
probability of getting
36 a sum of 12.
Die 1/
Die 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

1
(1,1
)
(1,2
)
(1,3
)
(1,4
)
(1,5
)
(1,6
)
Two fair dice are
(2,1 (2,2 (2,3 (2,4 (2,5 (2,6
2
) ) ) ) ) ) rolled. Find the
(3,1 (3,2 (3,3 (3,4 (3,5 (3,6
3
)
(4,1
)
(4,2
)
(4,3
)
(4,4
)
(4,5
)
(4,6
probability of
4 30 5
) ) ) ) ) )
getting a sum 36 =
less
5
(5,1 (5,2 (5,3 (5,4 (5,5 (5,6 6
) ) ) ) ) )
(6,1 (6,2 (6,3 (6,4 (6,5 (6,6 than 10.

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