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Variable Geometry Turbocharger

The document discusses variable geometry turbochargers (VGTs). VGTs allow the effective aspect ratio of the turbocharger to be altered based on engine conditions. At low engine speeds, the VGT closes the turbine vanes to increase boost from the compressor. At high speeds, the vanes open to prevent choking and optimize turbine efficiency. VGTs provide benefits over traditional turbochargers like eliminating wastegate losses, improving low-end torque, and allowing better engine braking control. The VGT is designed and controlled by the vehicle's electronic control unit to optimize air intake under all operating conditions.

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Thulasi Ram
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95 views

Variable Geometry Turbocharger

The document discusses variable geometry turbochargers (VGTs). VGTs allow the effective aspect ratio of the turbocharger to be altered based on engine conditions. At low engine speeds, the VGT closes the turbine vanes to increase boost from the compressor. At high speeds, the vanes open to prevent choking and optimize turbine efficiency. VGTs provide benefits over traditional turbochargers like eliminating wastegate losses, improving low-end torque, and allowing better engine braking control. The VGT is designed and controlled by the vehicle's electronic control unit to optimize air intake under all operating conditions.

Uploaded by

Thulasi Ram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variable Geometry Turbocharger

Content
 Introduction
 Turbocharging
 History
 Problems with simple turbocharging
 Working of VGT
 Benefits
 Designing of VGT
 Summary and Conclusion
 References
 Common questions
Introduction
 Variable-geometry turbochargers (VGTs) also known as variable nozzle
turbines/VNTs), are a family of turbochargers
 Designed to allow the effective aspect ratio (A:R) of the turbo to be altered as
conditions change
 It produces variations in the flow of inlet air mass by geometry change of inlet
conditions of turbine blades according to requirement.
Turbocharger
A turbocharger consist of four parts:
a) Turbine
b) Compressor
c) Common axle
d) Sub assemblies
e) Air cooler

WORKING
 The turbine inlet receives exhaust gases from the engine exhaust manifold
causing the turbine wheel to rotate
 This rotation drives the compressor, compressing ambient air
 After it delivers it to the air intake manifold of the engine at higher pressure,
 resulting in a greater amount of the air and fuel entering the cylinder
Problems with simple Turbochargers

 Difference in the optimum aspect ratio of nozzle at different


running conditions
 Low boost at slow running conditions
 Choking at high speed
 Variation in the inlet air mass according to engine performance
 Starting lag
Turbocharger configuration
Turbocharger integration
 Linking of engine performance with turbocharger performance
Variable geometry turbocharger
 In variable geometry turbocharger the variation in inlet air mass is
brought by compressor speed
 Changes is done on the turbine
 Nozzle angle is changed by stator vane, operated by ECU unit of
vehicle
 For low speed, the vane is brought in closed position so that
boosting can be done by compressor
 At high speed ,the vane comes at open condition allowing most of
the exhaust to impact on the blades ,and the pressure decreases of
exhaust gases and choking is avoided
Working of VGT
 Low speed run condition
Engine running parameters is taken by
ECU as input and send direction to vane
to close
 High speed run condition
Benefits
 No throttling loss of the waste gate valve
 Higher air–fuel ratio and higher peak torque at low engine speeds
 Improved vehicle accelerations without the need to resort to turbines with high
pumping loss at high engine speeds
 Potential for lower engine ΔP (the difference between exhaust manifold and
intake manifold pressures)
 Control over engine ΔP that can be used to drive EGR flow in diesel engines with
high pressure loop (HPL) EGR systems
 A better ability to cover a wider region of low BSFC in the engine speed–load
domain
 Ability to provide engine braking
 Ability to raise exhaust temperature for after treatment system management
Designing of the VGT
Three parts
a) Electronic control unit
b) Compressor designing
c) Turbine designing
Electronic control unit
 The opening of the guide vanes is commanded by the electronic
control unit (ECU) of the car
 Aspects of engine performance that ECU consider for the varying
the nozzle angle
1) the instant and quantity of injected fuel
2) the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves
3) pressures, temperatures, flow rates
Mass flow rate is given by
Compressor design
Flow coefficient Circumferential Mach number Isentropic work coefficient
Turbine design
Parameters:
 Pressure ratio
 Corrected mass flow rate
 Isentropic efficiency
 Corrected speed
 VNT positions
Conclusion

 An VGT is designed to position the nozzle to attain the optimum air mass flow inside the
engine and improving the break specific fuel consumption.
 An VGT, under low running speed, provides closing of vane blades to allow more impact of
exhaust gases on it improving intake air mass..
 Designing of the compressor and turbine include the study of there design parameter on the
maps which allow us to decide standards for the components.
 Pumping losses , pressure energy loss, engine noise and heat energy loss is recovered by VGT.
These problems commonly occur on vehicle with conventional turbocharging system or in case
of no turbocharging.
 If there occurs VGT failure, the system will revert to normal turbocharging operation. Normally
the ECU unit will turn on the light in case of any fault.
T h an k
o u

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