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This is a Swadesh list of words in Scottish Gaelic English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English Scottish GaelicGàidhlig edit (207) 1 I (1sg )mi 2 you (2sg )thu 3 he , she , it (3sg )e 4 we (1pl )sinn 5 you (2pl )sibh 6 they (3pl )iad 7 this seo 8 that sin siud 9 here an seo 10 there an sin an siud 11 who cò interrogative 12 what dè interrogative 13 where càite interrogative 14 when cuin interrogative 15 how ciamar dè mar cionnas interrogative 16 not cha chan 17 all uile 18 many mòran 19 some cuid feadhainn 20 few beagan corra 21 other eile 22 one aon 23 two dà 24 three trì 25 four ceithir 26 five còig 27 big mòr 28 long fada 29 wide leathann farsaing 30 thick tiugh 31 heavy trom 32 small beag 33 short goirid geàrr 34 narrow caol cumhang 35 thin tana 36 woman boireannach 37 man (adult male)fear 38 man (human being)duine 39 child pàiste duine-cloinne 40 wife bean bean-phòsda 41 husband fear-pòsda 42 mother màthair 43 father athair 44 animal beathach ainmhidh beòthach 45 fish iasg 46 bird eun 47 dog cù madadh 48 louse mial 49 snake nathair 50 worm boiteag cnuimh 51 tree craobh 52 forest coille 53 stick bata bioran madadh 54 fruit meas toradh 55 seed sìol 56 leaf duilleag 57 root freumh 58 bark (of a tree)rùsg 59 flower blàth sìthean dìthean flùr 60 grass feur 61 rope ròpa 62 skin craiceann 63 meat feòil 64 blood fuil 65 bone cnàmh 66 fat (noun)geir saill 67 egg ugh 68 horn adharc corn 69 tail earball 70 feather ite 71 hair falt gruag 72 head ceann 73 ear cluas 74 eye sùil 75 nose sròn 76 mouth beul 77 tooth fiacail 78 tongue (organ)teanga 79 fingernail ìne 80 foot cas 81 leg cas 82 knee glùn 83 hand làmh 84 wing sgiath 85 belly brù 86 guts mionach caolan 87 neck amhaich muineal 88 back druim 89 breast cìoch 90 heart cridhe 91 liver adha grùthan 92 to drink òl 93 to eat ith 94 to bite bìd 95 to suck sùigh 96 to spit tilg smugaid 97 to vomit sgeith 98 to blow sèid 99 to breathe tarraing anail 100 to laugh gàir dèan gàire 101 to see faic 102 to hear cluinn 103 to know tha fios aig 104 to think smaoinich 105 to smell feuch fàileadh 106 to fear gabh eagal 107 to sleep caidil 108 to live bi beò 109 to die bàsaich 110 to kill marbh 111 to fight sabaid 112 to hunt sealg 113 to hit buail 114 to cut geàrr 115 to split sgoilt 116 to stab sàth 117 to scratch sgròb 118 to dig cladhaich 119 to swim snàmh 120 to fly itealaich 121 to walk coisich 122 to come thig 123 to lie (as in a bed) laigh state 124 to sit suidh state 125 to stand seas state 126 to turn (intransitive) tionndaidh 127 to fall tuit 128 to give thoir 129 to hold cùm 130 to squeeze teannaich 131 to rub suath 132 to wash nigh 133 to wipe suath 134 to pull tarraing 135 to push brùth 136 to throw tilg 137 to tie ceangail 138 to sew fuaigh 139 to count cùnnt 140 to say abair can 141 to sing seinn 142 to play cluich 143 to float bi a' fleòdradh 144 to flow ruith 145 to freeze reòdh 146 to swell at 147 sun grian 148 moon gealach 149 star rionnag 150 water uisge bùrn 151 rain uisge 152 river abhainn 153 lake loch 154 sea muir cuan fairge 155 salt salann 156 stone clach 157 sand gainmheach 158 dust stùr duslach 159 earth talamh 160 cloud sgòth neul 161 fog ceò 162 sky adhar speuran 163 wind gaoth 164 snow sneachd 165 ice deigh eighre 166 smoke ceò toit 167 fire teine 168 ash luath 169 to burn loisg 170 road rathad 171 mountain beinn 172 red ruadh dearg 173 green glas uaine 174 yellow buidhe 175 white geal 176 black dubh 177 night oidhche 178 day là 179 year bliadhna 180 warm blàth 181 cold fuar 182 full làn 183 new ùr nuadh 184 old sean 185 good math 186 bad dona olc 187 rotten grod loibhte 188 dirty salach 189 straight dìreach 190 round cruinn 191 sharp (as a knife)geur 192 dull (as a knife)maol 193 smooth mìn 194 wet fliuch 195 dry tioram 196 correct ceart 197 near faisg 198 far fada 199 right deas 200 left clì 201 at aig 202 in ann 203 with còmhla ri le 204 and agus 205 if ma nan nam 206 because oir 207 name ainm
Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - →ISBN
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