From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
This is a Swadesh list of Tocharian languages, specifically Proto-Tocharian, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, compared with that of English.
| № | English | Proto-Tocharian
edit (49) | Tocharian A
Ārśi
edit (138) | Tocharian B
Kuśiññe
edit (194) |
|---|
| 1 | I (1sg) | | näṣ | ñäś |
| 2 | you (2sg) | | tu | tuwe |
| 3 | he, she, it (3sg) | | säm | su |
| 4 | we (1pl) | | was | wes |
| 5 | you (2pl) | | yas | yes |
| 6 | they (3pl) | | cem | cey |
| 7 | this | | | se |
| 8 | that | *äna- | säs | su, samp |
| 9 | here | *ecye* | | tane |
| 10 | there | | | tane, omp |
| 11 | who | | kus | kᵤse |
| 12 | what | | kus | kᵤse |
| 13 | where | *ente | äntanene | ente |
| 14 | when | *ente | äntāne | ente |
| 15 | how | | | mäkte |
| 16 | not | *e(n)- | mā, mar | mā |
| 17 | all | | puk | poñc |
| 18 | many | *mākā | māk | māka |
| 19 | some | | ṣome | ṣemi |
| 20 | few | | tsru | totka |
| 21 | other | *ālle-kä | ālak | allek |
| 22 | one | *sems | sas | ṣe |
| 23 | two | *wë | wu | wi |
| 24 | three | *treyä | tre | trey |
| 25 | four | *ćätwerä | śtwar | śtwer |
| 26 | five | *p'ä́ñćä | päñ | piś |
| 27 | big | | aryu | orotstse |
| 28 | long | | pärkär | pärkare |
| 29 | wide | | | aurtstse |
| 30 | thick | *ātstse | ātstse | ātstse |
| 31 | heavy | | krāmär | kramartse |
| 32 | small | | tsru | lykaśke, totka |
| 33 | short | | | |
| 34 | narrow | | | |
| 35 | thin | | | |
| 36 | woman | *ćänā, *kʷliye | kᵤli, śäṃ | klyiye, śana |
| 37 | man (adult male) | *eṅkwe | oṅk | eṅkwe |
| 38 | man (human being) | | | śaumo |
| 39 | child | | śoṃ | śamaśke |
| 40 | wife | *ćänā | śäṃ | śana |
| 41 | husband | | pats | petso |
| 42 | mother | *mācer | mācar | mācer |
| 43 | father | *āppo | pācar | pācer |
| 44 | animal | *ānelme* | lu | luwo |
| 45 | fish | | laks | laks |
| 46 | bird | | | salamo luwo |
| 47 | dog | *ku | ku | ku |
| 48 | louse | | | pärśeri |
| 49 | snake | | ārṣal | arṣāklo, auk |
| 50 | worm | | | yel |
| 51 | tree | | ṣtām | stām |
| 52 | forest | | wärt | wartto, karāś |
| 53 | stick | | | śakāto |
| 54 | fruit | | oko | oko |
| 55 | seed | | śäktālyi | sārm, śäktālye |
| 56 | leaf | | pält | pilta |
| 57 | root | | tsmār | witsako |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | | | enmetre |
| 59 | flower | | pyāpi | pyāpyo |
| 60 | grass | *ātŭyā | āti | atiyo |
| 61 | rope | | | śerkw |
| 62 | skin | | yats | ewe, yetse |
| 63 | meat | | | misa |
| 64 | blood | *yä́sar | ysār | yasar |
| 65 | bone | | āy | āy |
| 66 | fat (noun) | | | ṣalype |
| 67 | egg | | | |
| 68 | horn | | kror | krorīya |
| 69 | tail | | | pako |
| 70 | feather | | | paruwa* |
| 71 | hair | | mätsi* | matsi |
| 72 | head | | | āśce |
| 73 | ear | | klots | klautso |
| 74 | eye | *ëk | ak | ek |
| 75 | nose | | malañ | meli |
| 76 | mouth | *koy | koy | koyṃ |
| 77 | tooth | | kam | keme |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | *käntwo | käntu | kantwo |
| 79 | fingernail | | maku* | mekwa |
| 80 | foot | | pe | paiyye |
| 81 | leg | | | ckācko |
| 82 | knee | *kenw- | kanweṃ* | keni* |
| 83 | hand | | tsar | ṣar |
| 84 | wing | | | |
| 85 | belly | *kātsān | kāts | kātso |
| 86 | guts | | kāts | kātso |
| 87 | neck | | | kor |
| 88 | back | | särśi | sark |
| 89 | breast | | cwanke, päśśäṃ | canke |
| 90 | heart | *käryā-, *āräñce | āriñc | arañce |
| 91 | liver | | | wästarye |
| 92 | to drink | | yok- | yok- |
| 93 | to eat | | śuwā- | śu- |
| 94 | to bite | | | tsāk- |
| 95 | to suck | | tspuk- | tsuk- |
| 96 | to spit | | pitk- | pitk- |
| 97 | to vomit | | | ankaiṃ yām- |
| 98 | to blow | | piw- | pin- |
| 99 | to breathe | *ān- | | anāsk-, satāsk- |
| 100 | to laugh | | kar- | ker- |
| 101 | to see | *wäwén- | läk- | läk- |
| 102 | to hear | *klyeus- | klyos- | klyaus- |
| 103 | to know | *aik-, *wäwén- | aik-, kärs- | aik-, kärs- |
| 104 | to think | | pälsk- | pälsk- |
| 105 | to smell | | wär- | wärsk- |
| 106 | to fear | | pärsk- | pärsk- |
| 107 | to sleep | | klis- | klänts- |
| 108 | to live | | śo- | śāy- |
| 109 | to die | *näut- | | sruk- |
| 110 | to kill | *kāu- | ko-, sruk- | kau- |
| 111 | to fight | | wac- | wät- |
| 112 | to hunt | | | śer- |
| 113 | to hit | *krun- | on- | kärn- |
| 114 | to cut | | lātk- | kärst-, lātk- |
| 115 | to split | | kot- | kaut- |
| 116 | to stab | | tsop- | tsop- |
| 117 | to scratch | | | |
| 118 | to dig | | räp- | rāp- |
| 119 | to swim | | | nāsk- |
| 120 | to fly | | plu- | plus- |
| 121 | to walk | *jä- | i- | i- |
| 122 | to come | | kum- | käm- |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | | | lyäk- |
| 124 | to sit | | ṣäm-, läm- | ṣäm-, āsk- |
| 125 | to stand | *stäm-, *käly- | käly-, ṣtäm- | käly- |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | | lutk- | klutk-, spārtt- |
| 127 | to fall | | klāw- | klāy- |
| 128 | to give | | e- | ai- |
| 129 | to hold | | | täl- |
| 130 | to squeeze | | | klup-, nusk- |
| 131 | to rub | | lup- | lyu-, kānt- |
| 132 | to wash | | lik- | lik- |
| 133 | to wipe | | lī-ā- | li- |
| 134 | to pull | | yärt- | sälk- |
| 135 | to push | | nätk- | nätk- |
| 136 | to throw | | säl- | kärsk-, säl- |
| 137 | to tie | | | śänm-, kärk- |
| 138 | to sew | | | wāp- |
| 139 | to count | | | ṣäṃṣ- |
| 140 | to say | *āks- | weñ- | we- |
| 141 | to sing | | pis- | pi- |
| 142 | to play | | | kāñm- |
| 143 | to float | | | plus- |
| 144 | to flow | | | resk- |
| 145 | to freeze | | | |
| 146 | to swell | | | staukk- |
| 147 | sun | | koṃ | kauṃ |
| 148 | moon | *mēñē | mañ | meñe |
| 149 | star | | śre | ścirye |
| 150 | water | *wär | wär | war |
| 151 | rain | | swase | swese |
| 152 | river | | tsän- | cake |
| 153 | lake | | | lyam |
| 154 | sea | | sāmudtär | samudtär |
| 155 | salt | | sāle | salyiye |
| 156 | stone | | | kärweñe |
| 157 | sand | | wāryāñc | warañce |
| 158 | dust | | twe, tor | tweye, taur |
| 159 | earth | *tken | tkaṃ | keṃ |
| 160 | cloud | | tärkär | tarkär |
| 161 | fog | | | |
| 162 | sky | | eprer | iprer |
| 163 | wind | *wyente | want | yente |
| 164 | snow | | | śiñce |
| 165 | ice | | | |
| 166 | smoke | | | |
| 167 | fire | | puwar | puwar |
| 168 | ash | | | taur, tweye* |
| 169 | to burn | | pälk- | tsāk-, pälk- |
| 170 | road | *yätār | ytār | ytārye |
| 171 | mountain | | ṣul | ṣale |
| 172 | red | *rŭtäre | rtär | ratre |
| 173 | green | | motarci* | motartstse |
| 174 | yellow | | | tute |
| 175 | white | *ārkwi | ārki | ārkwi |
| 176 | black | *erkent | arkant- | erkent |
| 177 | night | | wṣe | yṣiye |
| 178 | day | | koṃ | kauṃ |
| 179 | year | | pᵤkäl | pikul |
| 180 | warm | | omäl | emalle |
| 181 | cold | *kʷroscē | krośśäṃ | krośce |
| 182 | full | | | ite |
| 183 | new | *ñäwe | ñu | ñuwe |
| 184 | old | | | ktsaitstse* |
| 185 | good | | krant-, kränt- | kartse |
| 186 | bad | | | yolo, pakwāre |
| 187 | rotten | | | āmpau |
| 188 | dirty | | krāke | sal, kraketstse |
| 189 | straight | | | |
| 190 | round | | | |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | | | mātre, akwatse |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | | | mālle* |
| 193 | smooth | | | ṣmare |
| 194 | wet | | | karītstse |
| 195 | dry | | āsar | asāre |
| 196 | correct | | | |
| 197 | near | | spa* | akartte, ysape, etsuwai |
| 198 | far | | lok | lau, lauke |
| 199 | right | | | saiwai* |
| 200 | left | | | śwālyai* |
| 201 | at | | | -ne |
| 202 | in | *ene | | -ne |
| 203 | with | | | śle |
| 204 | and | | | ṣp |
| 205 | if | | kuprene | krui, ente |
| 206 | because | | | kuce, mäkte |
| 207 | name | | ñom | ñem |
| Swadesh lists |
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| Individual languages |
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| Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings |
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| Constructed languages |
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| Reconstructed proto-languages |
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| (edit this template) |
