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This is a Swadesh list of words in Tuareg English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English Tuaregedit (207) 1 I (1sg )nek 2 you (2sg )kay kem 3 he , she , it (3sg )enta entat 4 we (1pl )nekkeni nekknti 5 you (2pl )kawni kameti 6 they (3pl )enteni ententi 7 this wa ta 8 that wen ten 9 here da 10 there din 11 who mi 12 what ma 13 where meni 14 when mənğədu 15 how ma 16 not war 17 all kul 18 many -t-íjɑt- 19 some əyyăḍ 20 few ărăt 21 other ayyăd tayyad 22 one iyen 23 two essin 24 three keraḍ 25 four ukkuẓ 26 five semmus 27 big măqqărăn 28 long šəǵrət 29 wide ihraw 30 thick izuwər 31 heavy uẓay 32 small medri 33 short gəzzôlăn 34 narrow ikraz 35 thin isdad 36 woman tanṭuṭ 37 man (adult male)aləs 38 man (human being)ăwedăm 39 child ara 40 wife tanṭuṭ 41 husband aləs 42 mother anna 43 father abba 44 animal ămudăr 45 fish emán 46 bird agəḍiḍ 47 dog edi 48 louse tillik 49 snake taššalt 50 worm tawəkke 51 tree ašək 52 forest tagorăst 53 stick təburək 54 fruit ara n-ašək 55 seed ădom 56 leaf efărket 57 root ekew 58 bark (of a tree)tafrənke 59 flower fələr 60 grass aləmmoẓ 61 rope aɣan 62 skin elăm 63 meat isan 64 blood azni 65 bone eɣăs 66 fat (noun)tadhont 67 egg tasădalt 68 horn isək 69 tail aŝiwa 70 feather tăsaggat 71 hair emẓ̌ăd 72 head eɣăf 73 ear tamăẓẓukk 74 eye teṭṭ 75 nose tenžărt 76 mouth imi 77 tooth esen ešen 78 tongue (organ)iləs 79 fingernail eskăr 80 foot aḍăṛ 81 leg aḍăṛ 82 knee ăfud 83 hand ăfus 84 wing afrew 85 belly tadist 86 guts adan 87 neck er iri 88 back aruri 89 breast admăr 90 heart ulh 91 liver tăsa 92 to drink esu 93 to eat ekc 94 to bite ədəd 95 to suck ssum 96 to spit sutəf 97 to vomit əqqəw 98 to blow săhăḍ 99 to breathe sunfəs 100 to laugh ăḍẓu 101 to see ənəy 102 to hear əsəl 103 to know əssən 104 to think erdu 105 to smell unsag 106 to fear əkṣəḍ 107 to sleep əṭṭes 108 to live ədder 109 to die ămmăt 110 to kill ănɣ 111 to fight əknəs 112 to hunt əgmər 113 to hit əwət 114 to cut aləy 115 to split ṣorrət 116 to stab ədəg 117 to scratch əkrăḍ 118 to dig əɣăz 119 to swim əŝŝəf 120 to fly forrət 121 to walk ărgəš 122 to come as 123 to lie (as in a bed) ăns 124 to sit ɣam 125 to stand əbdəd 126 to turn (intransitive) əwəl 127 to fall eḍu 128 to give kf 129 to hold əṭṭəf 130 to squeeze ăẓmu 131 to rub furət 132 to wash sirəd 133 to wipe aməs 134 to pull ərkəb 135 to push əntəg 136 to throw əgər 137 to tie əkrəs 138 to sew əẓməy 139 to count seḍən 140 to say ănnu 141 to sing ənẓər 142 to play əddəl 143 to float zəgəyləl 144 to flow əngəy 145 to freeze ɣorhəs 146 to swell hădădəy 147 sun tăfukt 148 moon ăyor 149 star atri 150 water aman 151 rain aǵənna 152 river egăraw 153 lake eɣăzăr 154 sea xxxxx 155 salt tesəmt 156 stone tăhunt 157 sand tamălălt 158 dust əgoḍrar 159 earth ăkal 160 cloud tegărăk 161 fog xxxxx 162 sky aženna 163 wind aḍu 164 snow xxxxx 165 ice aɣəris 166 smoke əho 167 fire efew temse 168 ash eẓəd 169 to burn sărɣu 170 road taberăt 171 mountain adɣaɣ aḍaɣ 172 red ehwaɣ 173 green kezey 174 yellow ewraɣ 175 white imlal 176 black ikwal 177 night ehăḍ 178 day azəl 179 year awătay 180 warm ukas 181 cold səmmîḍ 182 full əḍkər 183 new iynay 184 old wăššâr 185 good aləɣ 186 bad iǵăr 187 rotten ărkăh 188 dirty ənkəl 189 straight aɣəd 190 round əɣləy 191 sharp (as a knife)əmsəd 192 dull (as a knife)xxxxx 193 smooth əsləl 194 wet əbdəg 195 dry oɣar 196 correct xxxxx 197 near ihoẓ 198 far iggug 199 right aɣil 200 left zălgăt 201 at ? ɣor 202 in dăɣ 203 with əd əs 204 and əd 205 if kud 206 because fəlas 207 name isəm
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